From: arl_123234@hotmail.com   
      
   On 1/7/19 2:39 PM, gfretwell@aol.com wrote:   
      
   > I am familiar with navy ships. I suppose that is why they use   
   > ungrounded delta for most if their distribution. They call the 120v   
   > "the deadly shipmate" because the neutral is bonded to the hull of the   
   > ship .   
   >   
      
   Hello, and sorry but that's incorrect (at least in the U.S. Navy).   
   Neutrals (either from single or 3-phase generators) are never grounded   
   (connected to the hull) on U.S. Navy ships (unless a fault occurs).   
   This is to promote the operation of systems under electrical fault   
   conditions (sometimes referred to as "battle short").  The ground prong,   
   for example, on shipboard 120 VAC outlets is connected to the hull but   
   unlike a residence connection if you were to measure the voltage with a   
   high impedance voltmeter from either "hot" or "neutral" to ground you   
   would observe 60 VAC.  Because of capacitive coupling through equipment   
   you still have to consider these voltages as potential shock hazards   
   with respect to the ground plane (i.e. the steel hull).  Sincerely,   
      
   --   
   J. B. Wood	            e-mail: arl_123234@hotmail.com   
      
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