XPost: soc.history.war.misc, soc.culture.scottish, alt.religion.
hristian.presbyterian
XPost: alt.religion.christian.baptist
From: cequka@iprimus.com.au
"walker" wrote in message
news:BcmdnQEsj7_o0M7YnZ2dnUVZ8tKdnZ2d@bt.com...
> The English Puritans were Episcopalian. Puritan means one who wants to
> purify. The Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England of its
> bishops, which could only be done inside the C of E. The Congregationists
> and Baptist definitely were NOT Puritans. Please learn you English
> Ecclesiastic history before spouting nonesense.
Walker, in that case, there are also far more historians out there who would
also spout so-called "nonsens" according to your criteria. Glad to see that
you do not share this with them!
> "Raktizer Omheit" wrote in message
> news:454ec049_1@news.iprimus.com.au...
>> The Scottish aristocracy was so arrogant and snobbish that they refused
>> to grant to their middling class or middle class peasantry the right to
>> use longbows on a large scale when fighting in major battles against
>> English longbow archers. This led to disastrous and humiliating defeats
>> for the Scottish armies against English armies at the Battles of Dupplin
>> Moor in 1332, Halidon Hill in 1333, St. Neville's Cross in 1346, Flodden
>> Field in 1513, Solway Moss in 1542, and Pinkie Cleugh in 1547. The
>> longbow had a much better rate of fire, range, accuracy, and penetrating
>> power than the crossbow. Although the Welsh also used the longbow
>> extensively, the Anglo-Norman Welsh Marcher or frontier counts and barons
>> learned from the Welsh, employing Welsh mercenaries and English yeoman
>> footsoldiers and light horsemen trained in the use of the longbow, as
>> well as in the use of the pike, billhook, halberd, hatchet, and sword.
>> The French aristocrats, like their Scottish counterparts, also refused to
>> arm their peasantry with the longbow, fearing that they could turn this
>> powerful weapon against them, as the English yeoman archers were to do on
>> two occasions against their land lords, during the Wat Tyler Revolt of
>> 1381, and in Jack Cade's rebellion of 1450, although both revolts were
>> crushed by the English knights with the help of loyal yeomen archers. On
>> their own, and without the support of knights and pikemen as a covering
>> and counterattacking force, English yeomen archers could not win battles,
>> even if they could exact a heavy toll on a frontal attacking cavalry, and
>> on a frontal infantry assault.
>>
>> The Scottish were again defeated heavily on four occasions during the
>> English Civil Wars of the 1640's and 1650's, that is, at the Battles of
>> Preston in 1648, Dunbar in 1650, Inverkeithing in 1651, and Worcester in
>> 1651. Oliver Cromwell's disciplined, well trained, well armed, well paid,
>> and highly motivated Puritan Army known as the Roundheads and the
>> Ironsides were more than a match for the English Anglican Royalists and
>> their Scottish Presbyterian allies. The English Puritans were mostly
>> Congregationalists and Baptists. The Scottish Presbyterians had
>> originally been allied with the English Puritans when the English Civil
>> War began in 1641, but by 1648 they turned traitor and allied with the
>> English Royalists or Cavaliers when the Puritans refused to impose
>> Presbyterianism on England as the official state religion, as it was in
>> Scotland, and by Cromwell's desire to grant religious toleration for the
>> Scottish Congregationalists and Baptists. Cromwell himself, despite his
>> religious radicalism, was in many ways conservative and realistic in
>> socio-economic policies, as witnessed by his refusal to give in to the
>> Communist demands of Gerard Winstanley's "Diggers" or "True Levellers,"
>> and also by his refusal to allow the "Social Democratic" platform of John
>> Lilburne's "Levellers" to succeed. With the dismal economic record of the
>> late Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact as an example, Cromwell did England a
>> favour by refusing to allow Winstanley and Lilburne to succeed, much as
>> Napoleon Bonaparte was to later do with the French Enrages led by
>> Nicholas Noel-Gracchus Babeuf, although Martin Luther was rather
>> excessive and cruel in his urging the German knightly landlords in
>> crushing the German Peasant Revolt of 1525. Cromwell did not support the
>> dissolution of the English House of Lords, and he also maintained a high
>> property qualification for the eligibility to vote in House of Commons
>> elections, some 200 pounds per annum worth of property to be owned by an
>> adult male, a high sum of money for the 1650's. Not until 1911 were the
>> English House of Commons members paid by tax-payer funded salaries,
>> meaning that most of its members until then were obliged to be men of
>> wealthy status in order to sit as unpaid legislators. Cromwell was
>> probably in the main sincere when he said that the reason why he wished
>> to allow the Jews to legally settle in England was in order to encourage
>> their conversion to Christianity, and he quoted St. Paul's Epistle to the
>> Romans 10 : 14 - 15 in support of this. The English Presbyterian William
>> Prynne was opposed to this Jewish immigration policy, and Martin Luther
>> himself had violently denounced the Jews in his 1543 published pamphlet
>> called "On the Jews and Their Lies," after his hopes for the large-scale,
>> voluntary conversion of the Jews to Lutheran Christianity did not happen.
>> The Dutch Reformed Calvinist or Presbyterian theologian Franciscus
>> Gomarus also was strongly opposed to those Jews who refused to convert to
>> Calvinist Christianity voluntarily, although his proposals against them
>> were somewhat less harsh than those of Martin Luther's.
>>
>
>
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