[continued from previous message]   
      
   address some of the city's most pressing environmental and   
   infrastructure issues.   
      
   For instance, they banned coal-burning furnaces in homes, to   
   clear the air of smoke, and they created the Port Authority.   
      
   "There was a collaborative spirit back in the 50s and they knew   
   that Pittsburgh would have to reinvent itself. They didn't know   
   how but put in motion something that we are still benefiting   
   from today," says Madison.   
      
   The city's two world-renowned universities, and its $10bn   
   medical centre, also received significant sums of money in the   
   1950s and 60s.   
      
   Other cities should identify legacy institutions from the   
   industrial era that could provide some skeletal backbone to   
   future prosperity, he adds.   
      
   5. Don't be trapped by history   
      
   Pittsburgh was known as the Steel City so the steep decline of   
   its steel industry was a huge blow to its identity.   
      
   A community needs a dynamic relationship with its history and to   
   take advantage of the strengths of its history without being   
   captive to it, says Madison.   
      
   "Pittsburgh needed to put a healthy and respectful distance   
   between its modern self and its 20th Century steel self.   
   Everyone loves the steel history but accepts it's not going to   
   come back."   
      
   6. Entice the right jobs   
      
   When the steel industry collapsed, the instinct of economic   
   leaders in Pittsburgh was to reach out to other industries that   
   could replace these kinds of jobs on a large scale, says   
   Madison. The goal was more big factories making televisions or   
   cars, a magic bullet solution.   
      
   But these are very competitive industries and most of the   
   investment in these areas has gone to Asia or cheaper parts of   
   the US, he says.   
      
   "It took Pittsburgh a while to realise that's a high-stakes   
   strategy and we kept losing," says Madison. Instead it began to   
   focus on service industries, the universities, the medical   
   centre and hi-tech business, and growing jobs locally rather   
   than importing them.   
      
   https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-23383361   
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)