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   SB:CSOT: *Summarized Bible: Complete Summary of the Old Testament*   
      
       • God fulfills His plans without questionable methods (Brooks 62).   
      
       • God weakens the strong and confounds the wise for His people   
         (Brooks 62).   
      
       • David’s path to the throne through sorrow mirrors Christ’s humble   
         path before exaltation (Brooks 62).   
      
       • Key emphasis on David sparing Saul (Brooks 62).   
      
      
   WWBC: *With the Word Bible Commentary*   
      
       • Saul’s tears lacked sincerity as he continued to pursue David   
         (Wiersbe 1 Sa 26).   
      
       • Saul slept with his spear as a symbol of kingship; David’s removal   
         of it had significance (Wiersbe 1 Sa 26).   
      
       • Abishai showed courage but poor judgment in urging David to kill   
         Saul (Wiersbe 1 Sa 26).   
      
       • David reminded Saul to examine his motives—God or flattering   
         officers? (Wiersbe 1 Sa 26).   
      
       • Saul’s repeated confession “I have sinned” was superficial   
   (Wiersbe   
         1 Sa 26).   
      
       • Saul lived and died as a fool, harming family, nation, and   
         relationship with God (Wiersbe 1 Sa 26).   
      
       • Notes parallels with other insincere confessions in Scripture   
         (Wiersbe 1 Sa 26).   
      
      
   ESVGTSB: *Gospel Transformation Bible*   
      
       • Chapters 24 and 26 show David refusing to kill Saul because he was   
         the Lord’s anointed (Long 375).   
      
       • Chapter 25 demonstrates that vengeance belongs to God, not David   
         (Long 375).   
      
       • Scripture teaches believers never to take personal vengeance; God   
         executes true justice (Long 375).   
      
       • God will vindicate His people in His timing (Long 375).   
      
      
   NIVACB: *NIV Application Commentary on the Bible*   
      
       • Ziphites again acted as Saul’s informants (Beetham and Erickson   
         246).   
      
       • God caused deep sleep to protect David during his daring entry into   
         Saul’s camp (Beetham and Erickson 246).   
      
       • David learned from the Nabal incident that God may strike down an   
         adversary Himself (Beetham and Erickson 246).   
      
       • David confronted Saul with the irrationality of his pursuit   
         (Beetham and Erickson 246).   
      
       • Saul admitted guilt but David no longer trusted him (Beetham and   
         Erickson 246).   
      
       • This final meeting confirmed David’s rise and Saul’s decline   
         (Beetham and Erickson 246).   
      
       • Application: trust God’s guidance even without immediate signs;   
         modern culture resists God’s authority (Beetham and Erickson 246).   
      
      
   MBC: *The Moody Bible Commentary*   
      
       • David refused to seize the throne by force despite the opportunity   
         (Neely 435).   
      
       • Ziphites again disclosed David’s location to Saul (Neely 435).   
      
       • God sent a deep sleep over Saul’s army, enabling David’s approach   
         (Neely 435).   
      
       • David rejected Abishai’s interpretation that this was a divine   
         opportunity to kill Saul (Neely 435).   
      
       • David rebuked Abner for failing to guard the king (Neely 435–36).   
      
       • Saul admitted sin but remained unreliable due to instability (Neely   
         436).   
      
       • David emphasized that God rewards righteousness and faithfulness   
         (Neely 436).   
      
       • David learned not only to spare the anointed king but also to   
         reject vengeance even against fools like Nabal (Neely 436).   
      
      
   NAC 1–2 Samuel: *New American Commentary*   
      
       • Ziphites possibly acted out of jealousy tied to David’s marriage   
         alliance (Bergen 255).   
      
       • Saul pursued David with elite troops; David’s scouts confirmed   
         Saul’s arrival (Bergen 255).   
      
       • David infiltrated the camp; Saul’s spear symbolized authority   
         (Bergen 255–56).   
      
       • Abishai misread the event; David insisted God alone would judge   
         Saul (Bergen 256).   
      
       • Taking the spear and water jug symbolically removed Saul’s   
         authority and life-source (Bergen 256).   
      
       • David publicly charged Abner with dereliction of duty (Bergen   
         256–57).   
      
       • David argued that Saul’s pursuit forced him from the Lord’s   
         inheritance (Bergen 257).   
      
       • Saul confessed sin again, but David recognized these were empty   
         promises (Bergen 257).   
      
       • David stated the principle that God repays righteousness and   
         faithfulness (Bergen 258).   
      
       • Saul’s final blessing foreshadowed David’s success; they never met   
         again (Bergen 258–59).   
      
      
   NICOT 1 Samuel: *The First Book of Samuel*   
      
       • Narrative alternates between Saul and David to highlight pursuit   
         and escape (Tsumura 596–97).   
      
       • The wilderness setting emphasizes tension and isolation (Tsumura   
         597–98).   
      
       • David’s approach to the camp shows deliberate strategy and courage   
         (Tsumura 598–600).   
      
       • Abishai interpreted events as divine deliverance; David rejected   
         harming the Lord’s anointed (Tsumura 600–601).   
      
       • Deep sleep from the Lord protected David (Tsumura 602).   
      
       • David accused Abner and the troops of failure in their duty   
         (Tsumura 602–03).   
      
       • David’s plea distinguished between divine and human causes of   
         persecution (Tsumura 603–05).   
      
       • Driving David from the Lord’s inheritance equated to urging   
         idolatry (Tsumura 604–05).   
      
       • Wordplay on “calling” and “partridge” deepens the imagery of   
   Saul’s   
         irrational pursuit (Tsumura 605).   
      
       • Saul’s confession mirrored earlier insincerity (Tsumura 606).   
      
       • David trusted God to repay righteousness and deliver him (Tsumura   
         606).   
      
       • This episode marks their final encounter before David flees to   
         Philistia (Tsumura 607).   
      
      
   WORKS CITED   
      
   Beetham, Christopher A., and Nancy L. Erickson, editors. *The NIV   
   Application Commentary on the Bible*. One-Volume Edition, Zondervan   
   Academic, 2024.   
      
   Bergen, Robert D. *1, 2 Samuel*. Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996.   
      
   Brooks, Keith. *Summarized Bible: Complete Summary of the Old   
   Testament*. Logos Bible Software, 2009.   
      
   Long, V. Philips. “1–2 Samuel.” *Gospel Transformation Bible: English   
   Standard Version*, edited by Bryan Chapell and Dane Ortlund, Crossway, 2013.   
      
   Neely, Winfred O. “1 Samuel.” *The Moody Bible Commentary*, edited by   
   Michael A. Rydelnik and Michael Vanlaningham, Moody Publishers, 2014.   
      
   Tsumura, David. *The First Book of Samuel*. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing   
   Co., 2007.   
      
   Wiersbe, Warren W. *With the Word Bible Commentary*. Thomas Nelson, 1991.   
      
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