From: Sokar949@msn.com   
      
   Herbert Hoover   
   Son of a Quaker blacksmith, Herbert Clark Hoover brought to the Presidency   
   an unparalleled reputation for public service as an engineer, administrator,   
   and humanitarian.   
      
   Born in an Iowa village in 1874, he grew up in Oregon. He enrolled at   
   Stanford University when it opened in 1891, graduating as a mining engineer.   
      
   He married his Stanford sweetheart, Lou Henry, and they went to China, where   
   he worked for a private corporation as China's leading engineer. In June   
   1900 the Boxer Rebellion caught the Hoovers in Tientsin. For almost a month   
   the settlement was under heavy fire. While his wife worked in the hospitals,   
   Hoover directed the building of barricades, and once risked his life   
   rescuing Chinese children.   
      
      
      
      
      
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   One week before Hoover celebrated his 40th birthday in London, Germany   
   declared war on France, and the American Consul General asked his help in   
   getting stranded tourists home. In six weeks his committee helped 120,000   
   Americans return to the United States. Next Hoover turned to a far more   
   difficult task, to feed Belgium, which had been overrun by the German army.   
      
   After the United States entered the war, President Wilson appointed Hoover   
   head of the Food Administration. He succeeded in cutting consumption of   
   foods needed overseas and avoided rationing at home, yet kept the Allies   
   fed.   
      
   After the Armistice, Hoover, a member of the Supreme Economic Council and   
   head of the American Relief Administration, organized shipments of food for   
   starving millions in central Europe. He extended aid to famine-stricken   
   Soviet Russia in 1921. When a critic inquired if he was not thus helping   
   Bolshevism, Hoover retorted, "Twenty million people are starving. Whatever   
   their politics, they shall be fed!"   
      
   After capably serving as Secretary of Commerce under Presidents Harding and   
   Coolidge, Hoover became the Republican Presidential nominee in 1928. He said   
   then: "We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than   
   ever before in the history of any land." His election seemed to ensure   
   prosperity. Yet within months the stock market crashed, and the Nation   
   spiraled downward into depression.   
      
   After the crash Hoover announced that while he would keep the Federal budget   
   balanced, he would cut taxes and expand public works spending.   
      
   In 1931 repercussions from Europe deepened the crisis, even though the   
   President presented to Congress a program asking for creation of the   
   Reconstruction Finance Corporation to aid business, additional help for   
   farmers facing mortgage foreclosures, banking reform, a loan to states for   
   feeding the unemployed, expansion of public works, and drastic governmental   
   economy.   
      
   At the same time he reiterated his view that while people must not suffer   
   from hunger and cold, caring for them must be primarily a local and   
   voluntary responsibility.   
      
   His opponents in Congress, who he felt were sabotaging his program for their   
   own political gain, unfairly painted him as a callous and cruel President.   
   Hoover became the scapegoat for the depression and was badly defeated in   
   1932. In the 1930's he became a powerful critic of the New Deal, warning   
   against tendencies toward statism.   
      
   In 1947 President Truman appointed Hoover to a commission, which elected him   
   chairman, to reorganize the Executive Departments. He was appointed chairman   
   of a similar commission by President Eisenhower in 1953. Many economies   
   resulted from both commissions' recommendations. Over the years, Hoover   
   wrote many articles and books, one of which he was working on when he died   
   at 90 in New York City on October 20, 1964.   
      
      
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