From: tistabop@gmail.com   
      
   On Monday, May 27, 1996 at 8:00:00 AM UTC+1, Duncan Barford wrote:   
   > OPEN LETTER TO DR. STEPHEN LABERGE   
   > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~   
   > Dear Dr. LaBerge,   
   > I read your "Reading in Lucid Dreams Experiment" with great   
   > interest, but I think that the experiment you propose warrants   
   > some criticism.   
   > No doubt the results of the experiment may prove interesting,   
   > and may yield some interesting correlations, but I find it very   
   > hard to see what the experiment can actually tell us about the   
   > nature of "reading in dreams", and I would be very grateful if   
   > you could find the time to respond to the following points.   
   > If I wake, and it seems to me that during my sleep I had an   
   > "experience" of reading, then did I *read* something in my   
   > dream, or did I *dream* that I read something? There is a world   
   > of difference between the two assertions, it seems to me, but   
   > your experiment does not appear to take into account that the   
   > second might be true - that we do not read in dreams at all, but   
   > instead dream that we read.   
   > You write:   
   > >Many lucid dreamers have reported that the experience of   
   > >reading in lucid dreams can be very different from the   
   > >experience of actually reading. It has been claimed by some   
   > >that text reliably changes when "read" twice in a lucid dream.   
   > >Others, on the contrary, claim to be able to reliably read and   
   > >re-read text in lucid dreams. Some of these reported   
   > >differences might be due to expectation and some due to   
   > >individual differences.   
   > Heraclitus wrote: "For those who are awake there is a single,   
   > common universe, whereas in sleep each person turns away into   
   > his own, private universe." (Fragment 89.) In the light of   
   > Heraclitus's comment, if I have a different kind of dream from   
   > my neighbour, then this is no great mystery, because although we   
   > appear to share the same reality, we do not share our dreams -   
   > ie. you do not know what I have dreamt until I tell you.   
   > The point I want to make is that one person might *dream* that   
   > the writing he reads changes from moment to moment, and another   
   > might *dream* that the writing she encounters stays the same...   
   > But these "differences" - I think it is clear - relate only to   
   > the "content" of the dream... You might as well conduct an   
   > experiment into the way eating a peanut-butter sandwich in a   
   > dream differs from eating a peanut-butter sandwich in waking   
   > life... Does the sandwich retain the same flavour with the   
   > second bite? etc, etc... One person will dream x, and another   
   > person y, but what does this tell us about the nature of peanut-   
   > butter sandwiches? Or of dreaming, for that matter?   
   > Regarding the second part of the experiment, you write:   
   > >Before bed think about finding some book or other writing in   
   > >your dream that will be somehow interesting to you. There are   
   > >different ways you can formulate what you are looking for, such   
   > >as, "I want to read something that will tell me what I most   
   > >need to know now."   
   > It is a common observation that dreams are made up to a large   
   > extent of memories, experiences and thoughts relating to the day   
   > before the dream. So if I have spent some time during the day   
   > thinking about reading something in my dream, then is it any   
   > wonder if these thoughts find their way into the dream I have   
   > that night? To my mind, what this results in is a dream *about*   
   > reading something in my dream, and most assuredly not an   
   > "experience" of reading something! So to my way of thinking,   
   > "reading" is what I dream *of*, not what I "do" within the   
   > dream...   
   > Now, you might argue that none of my arguments apply within the   
   > context of lucid dreams, because in these dreams the dreamer is   
   > conscious of dreaming. In reply, I would argue that I do not   
   > think you can exclude lucid dreams from the argument that I have   
   > advanced here - and that although it might sometimes seem to me   
   > I am conscious in my dream, the explanation that better fits the   
   > facts is that I have in fact *dreamt* I was conscious!   
   > I find myself voicing this argument, despite reading your work   
   > (which I have found truly fascinating), the work of other   
   > writers on lucid dreams, and having induced my own lucid dreams   
   > using the methods you describe. I can't help feeling, however,   
   > that modern methods of research into dreaming, and the use of   
   > "lucid" dreamers in experiments, are taking contemporary   
   > thinking about dreams along a dead-end.   
   > To strive to emphasize the ways in which dreaming approximates   
   > waking consciousness seems to me to succeed only in leading us   
   > further and further away from what distinguishes dreaming as a   
   > distinct, unique facet of mental life. Your proposed experiment,   
   > which seems to me to confuse *reading* with *dreaming about   
   > reading* - two crucially different aspects of human experience -   
   > appears symptomatic of this trend.   
   > But despite my reservations, I await the outcome of your   
   > experiment with interest. I would also be very interested to   
   > read your response to my comments.   
   > Yours sincerely,   
   > Duncan Barford.   
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