From: jeffreyrubard2024@gmail.com   
      
   On Thursday, February 8, 2024 at 8:26:34 AM UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard wrote:   
   > On Tuesday, February 6, 2024 at 9:05:42 AM UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > On Sunday, February 4, 2024 at 2:01:01 PM UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > On Sunday, February 4, 2024 at 9:19:09 AM UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > On Friday, February 2, 2024 at 12:17:12 PM UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard   
   wrote:    
   > > > > > On Wednesday, January 31, 2024 at 8:37:18 AM UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard   
   wrote:    
   > > > > > > On Tuesday, January 30, 2024 at 9:01:01 AM UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard   
   wrote:    
   > > > > > > > On Tuesday, December 19, 2023 at 2:45:14 PM UTC-8, Jeffrey   
   Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > On Saturday, December 16, 2023 at 2:02:58 PM UTC-8, Jeffrey   
   Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > On Saturday, December 16, 2023 at 8:38:52 AM UTC-8,   
   Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > On Friday, December 15, 2023 at 8:24:35 AM UTC-8,   
   Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > On Thursday, December 14, 2023 at 12:30:58 PM UTC-8,   
   Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > On Sunday, October 1, 2023 at 8:27:50 AM UTC-7,   
   Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Sunday, September 24, 2023 at 8:34:33 AM UTC-7,   
   Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Saturday, September 23, 2023 at 1:10:38 PM   
   UTC-7, Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Sunday, September 10, 2023 at 2:32:06 PM   
   UTC-7, Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > From Chapter 15: "Kill All the Americans"    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > It took Dearborn's purchasing agents some   
   effort to find a factory whistle that wouldn't rust from the jungle humidity.   
   Once they did, they shipped it to Fordlandia, where it was perched on top of   
   the water tower, above    
   the tall trees, giving it a seven-mile range. The whistle was piercing enough   
   not only to reach dispersed road gangs and fieldhands but to be heard across   
   the river, where even those not affiliated with Fordlandia began to pace their   
   day to its regularly    
   scheduled blows. The whistle was supplemented by another icon of industrial   
   factory work: pendulum punch time clocks, placed at different locations around   
   the plantation, that recorded exactly when each employee began and ended his   
   workday.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Sponsor Message    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > In Detroit, immigrant workers by the time they   
   got to Ford's factories, even if they were peasants and shepherds, had had   
   ample opportunity to adjust to the meter of industrial life. The long lines at   
   Ellis Island, the    
   clocks that hung on the walls of depots and waiting rooms, the fairly precise   
   schedules of ships and trains, and standardized time that chopped the sun's   
   daily arc into zones combined to guide their motions and change their inner   
   sense of how the days    
   passed.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > But in the Amazon, the transition between   
   agricultural time and industrial time was much more precipitous. Prior to   
   showing up at Fordlandia, many of the plantation's workers who had lived in   
   the region had set their pace    
   by two distinct yet complementary timepieces. The first was the sun, its rise   
   and fall marking the beginning and end of the day, its apex signaling the time   
   to take to the shade and sleep. The second was the turn of the seasons: most   
   of the labor needed    
   to survive was performed during the relatively dry months of June to November.   
   Rainless days made rubber tapping possible, while the recession of the floods   
   exposed newly enriched soils, ready to plant, and concentrated fish, making   
   them easier to catch.    
   But nothing was set in stone. Excessive rain or prolonged periods of drought   
   or heat led to adjustments of schedules. Before the coming of Ford, Tapajos   
   workers lived time, they didn't measure it — most rarely ever heard church   
   bells, much less a    
   factory whistle. It was difficult, therefore, as David Riker, who performed   
   many jobs for Ford, including labor recruiter, said, "to make 365-day machines   
   out of these people."    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > In 1927, Henry Ford bought a tract of land   
   stretching twice the size of Deleware in the Amazonian jungle of Brazil.   
   Fordlandia, as it was called, was meant to be a large rubber plantation.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Courtesy of The Collections of the Henry Ford    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Ford executives stand on the deck of the Lake   
   Ormoc. Left to right: William Cowling, Edsel Ford, Einar Oxholm, Henry Ford,   
   Pete Martin, Charles Sorensen, and AlbertWibel.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Courtesy of The Collections of the Henry Ford    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Workers chop down a tree in Fordlandia. Greg   
   Grandin, author of "Fordlandia," claims that the complex ecological conditions   
   and a clash of cultures between the Americans and native workers ultimately   
   led to the failure of    
   the project.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Courtesy of The Collections of the Henry Ford    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Along with the construction of the rubber   
   plantation, Ford also created small American towns that included central   
   squares, indoor plumbing, golf courses and hospitals.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Courtesy of The Collections of the Henry Ford    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Many of the plantation workers were to the   
   jungle and were moved into American style housing.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Courtesy of The Collections of the Henry Ford    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > This family bungalow was part of a housing   
   development styled after American homes.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Courtesy of The Collections of the Henry Ford    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Attempting to import American culture into the   
   Amazon, Fordlandia offered residents a dance hall, with a movie screen on the   
   back wall.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Courtesy of The Collections of the Henry Ford    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Malaria, yellow fever and viper bites claimed   
   the lives of many workers.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Courtesy of The Collections of the Henry Ford    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Mundurucu mission children stand with German   
   nuns.    
      
   [continued in next message]   
      
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