From: jeffreydanielrubard@gmail.com   
      
   On Friday, February 9, 2024 at 12:57:04 PM UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard wrote:   
   > On Friday, February 9, 2024 at 8:46:59 AM UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > On Thursday, February 8, 2024 at 12:09:22 PM UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard   
   wrote:    
   > > > On Thursday, February 8, 2024 at 8:26:34 AM UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard   
   wrote:    
   > > > > On Tuesday, February 6, 2024 at 9:05:42 AM UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard   
   wrote:    
   > > > > > On Sunday, February 4, 2024 at 2:01:01 PM UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard   
   wrote:    
   > > > > > > On Sunday, February 4, 2024 at 9:19:09 AM UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard   
   wrote:    
   > > > > > > > On Friday, February 2, 2024 at 12:17:12 PM UTC-8, Jeffrey   
   Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > On Wednesday, January 31, 2024 at 8:37:18 AM UTC-8, Jeffrey   
   Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > On Tuesday, January 30, 2024 at 9:01:01 AM UTC-8, Jeffrey   
   Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > On Tuesday, December 19, 2023 at 2:45:14 PM UTC-8,   
   Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > On Saturday, December 16, 2023 at 2:02:58 PM UTC-8,   
   Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > On Saturday, December 16, 2023 at 8:38:52 AM UTC-8,   
   Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Friday, December 15, 2023 at 8:24:35 AM UTC-8,   
   Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Thursday, December 14, 2023 at 12:30:58 PM   
   UTC-8, Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Sunday, October 1, 2023 at 8:27:50 AM   
   UTC-7, Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Sunday, September 24, 2023 at 8:34:33 AM   
   UTC-7, Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Saturday, September 23, 2023 at   
   1:10:38 PM UTC-7, Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Sunday, September 10, 2023 at   
   2:32:06 PM UTC-7, Jeffrey Rubard wrote:    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > From Chapter 15: "Kill All the   
   Americans"    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > It took Dearborn's purchasing agents   
   some effort to find a factory whistle that wouldn't rust from the jungle   
   humidity. Once they did, they shipped it to Fordlandia, where it was perched   
   on top of the water tower,    
   above the tall trees, giving it a seven-mile range. The whistle was piercing   
   enough not only to reach dispersed road gangs and fieldhands but to be heard   
   across the river, where even those not affiliated with Fordlandia began to   
   pace their day to its    
   regularly scheduled blows. The whistle was supplemented by another icon of   
   industrial factory work: pendulum punch time clocks, placed at different   
   locations around the plantation, that recorded exactly when each employee   
   began and ended his workday.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Sponsor Message    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > In Detroit, immigrant workers by the   
   time they got to Ford's factories, even if they were peasants and shepherds,   
   had had ample opportunity to adjust to the meter of industrial life. The long   
   lines at Ellis Island,    
   the clocks that hung on the walls of depots and waiting rooms, the fairly   
   precise schedules of ships and trains, and standardized time that chopped the   
   sun's daily arc into zones combined to guide their motions and change their   
   inner sense of how the    
   days passed.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > But in the Amazon, the transition   
   between agricultural time and industrial time was much more precipitous. Prior   
   to showing up at Fordlandia, many of the plantation's workers who had lived in   
   the region had set their    
   pace by two distinct yet complementary timepieces. The first was the sun, its   
   rise and fall marking the beginning and end of the day, its apex signaling the   
   time to take to the shade and sleep. The second was the turn of the seasons:   
   most of the labor    
   needed to survive was performed during the relatively dry months of June to   
   November. Rainless days made rubber tapping possible, while the recession of   
   the floods exposed newly enriched soils, ready to plant, and concentrated   
   fish, making them easier to    
   catch. But nothing was set in stone. Excessive rain or prolonged periods of   
   drought or heat led to adjustments of schedules. Before the coming of Ford,   
   Tapajos workers lived time, they didn't measure it — most rarely ever heard   
   church bells, much less    
   a factory whistle. It was difficult, therefore, as David Riker, who performed   
   many jobs for Ford, including labor recruiter, said, "to make 365-day machines   
   out of these people."    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > In 1927, Henry Ford bought a tract of   
   land stretching twice the size of Deleware in the Amazonian jungle of Brazil.   
   Fordlandia, as it was called, was meant to be a large rubber plantation.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Courtesy of The Collections of the Henry   
   Ford    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Ford executives stand on the deck of the   
   Lake Ormoc. Left to right: William Cowling, Edsel Ford, Einar Oxholm, Henry   
   Ford, Pete Martin, Charles Sorensen, and AlbertWibel.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Courtesy of The Collections of the Henry   
   Ford    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Workers chop down a tree in Fordlandia.   
   Greg Grandin, author of "Fordlandia," claims that the complex ecological   
   conditions and a clash of cultures between the Americans and native workers   
   ultimately led to the    
   failure of the project.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Courtesy of The Collections of the Henry   
   Ford    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Along with the construction of the   
   rubber plantation, Ford also created small American towns that included   
   central squares, indoor plumbing, golf courses and hospitals.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Courtesy of The Collections of the Henry   
   Ford    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Many of the plantation workers were to   
   the jungle and were moved into American style housing.    
   > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Courtesy of The Collections of the Henry   
   Ford    
      
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