TEXAS INMATE STUDY (PAGES 131-166)  NAIL SCREW HAMMER SAW BUBBLE LEVELER    
      
   TEXAS INMATE STUDY (PAGES 131-166) KENNETH MARTIN DOLAN IS DIFFERENT THAN ALL   
   > 64 TEXAS INMATES AND NEVER LEGITIMATELY THE SAME AS ALL >64 TEXAS INMATES   
   THEREFORE KENNETH MARTIN DOLAN CAN NEVER BE LEGITIMATELY AN INMATE AS STATED   
   SINCE AT LEAST 2009    
      
      
   Other research has used forensic patients as a clinical comparison group   
   (Bagby,    
   Rogers, & Buis, 1994; Nicholson et al., 1997). Bagby and colleagues published   
   two    
   analogue studies with students who either faked bad or responded honestly and   
   compared    
   their profiles with clinical samples of bona fide patients (Bagby, Rogers, &   
   Buis, 1994;    
   Nicholson et al., 1997). Similar to a study conducted by Iverson et al.   
   (1995), F and F - K    
   produced comparable identification rates for pretrial forensic patients and   
   students who    
   answered honestly, but higher rates than Fb in the detection of simulators   
   (Bagby,    
   Rogers, & Buis, 1994). Each validity indicator identified 82% of patients and   
   92% to    
   94% of students with optimal cutoff scores of F > 104T, F - K > 11, and Fb >   
   105T.    
   Slight differences among the effectiveness of the indicators were evident in   
   the    
   identification of simulators, in which the F and F - K indicators each   
   detected 88%, but    
   83% were detected by the Fb scale (Bagby, Rogers, & Buis, 1994). The Fp scale   
   was    
   included in receiver characteristic analyses conducted by Nicholson et al.   
   (1997). The F    
   and F - K indicators provided significantly better discriminative power than   
   the Fb and    
   Fp scales of pretrial patients and simulators, but F, F - K, and Fp were the   
   best indicators    
   in analyses of general psychiatric patients and simulators (Nicholson et al.,   
   1997).    
   Research of malingered disorders. Numerous types of feigned psychopathology    
   have been investigated with the MMPI-2 validity indicators. Some studies have   
   varied in    
   the use of feigners who were knowledgeable about psychopathology or   
   psychological    
   testing, either by experience, expertise, or being provided certain   
   information. Only one    
   of five studies examining feigned schizophrenia has investigated the effect of   
   coaching    
   about MMPI-2 detection strategies (i.e., information about the validity   
   indicators). In this    
   - 132 -    
   study, (Rogers, Bagby, & Chakraborty, 1993), simulators who had been educated   
   about    
   strategies to avoid detection portrayed schizophrenia similar as bona fide   
   psychiatric    
   inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia. However, other groups of simulators,   
   i.e., those    
   who received symptom information, those who received coaching about strategies   
   to    
   avoid detection and symptom information, and those who did not receive any   
   assistance,    
   were distinguishable on F, Fb, and F - K from psychiatric inpatients and a   
   community    
   sample of honest respondents. In particular, simulators who received symptom    
   information scored similarly on F, Fb, and F - K as simulators without any   
   type of    
   information. These patterns of group differences were reflected in   
   identification rates.    
   Optimal cutoff raw scores were F > 29, Fb > 17, and F - K > 14, which resulted   
   in    
   accurate detection of nearly all honest responding community (100%) and   
   psychiatric    
   (81% to 97%) participants, but fair to poor identification of simulators with   
   symptom    
   information (67% to 73%), without any assistance (60% to 73%), with both types   
   of    
   assistance (40% to 48%), and especially those with information about detection   
   strategies    
   (29%). None of the validity indicators stood out as the best predictor of   
   malingering    
   (Rogers, Bagby, et al., 1993). The findings from this study indicate that   
   persons who    
   feign symptoms of schizophrenia and who are knowledgeable about MMPI-2   
   detection    
   strategies are difficult to distinguish on the validity indicators from   
   psychiatric patients    
   with bona fide schizophrenia.    
   Another study provided symptom information to a community sample of persons    
   who feigned either paranoid schizophrenia or posttraumatic stress disorder   
   (PTSD)    
   (Wetter, Baer, Berry, Robinson, & Sumpter, 1993). An examination of mean group    
   - 133 -    
   scores and effect sizes on F, Fb, F - K, and Ds indicated that simulators were    
   unsuccessful in feigning both disorders when compared with psychiatric   
   patients    
   diagnosed with the corresponding disorder. In comparisons involving paranoid    
   schizophrenia, discriminant function analyses identified optimal cutoff scores   
   of F >    
   104T, Fb > 106T, F - K > 16, and Ds > 33, which detected from 86% to 100% of    
   simulators and from 85% to 95% of bona fide patients, for overall   
   classification rates    
   ranging from 90% to 95%. The F and F - K validity indicators performed   
   slightly better    
   than the Fb and Ds validity indicators in classifying participants. Lower   
   identification    
   rates were obtained in comparisons involving PTSD. Optimal cutoff scores   
   identified by    
   discriminant function analyses were F > 96T, Fb > 98T, F - K > 15, and Ds >   
   35, which    
   resulted in accurate detection of 75% to 85% of simulators and 65% to 85% of   
   bona fide    
   patients, for overall classification rates ranging from 73% to 80%. Ds and F -   
   K were    
   better predictors of malingering than F or Fb (Wetter et al., 1993).    
   In a study that investigated the effect of training and education by enlisting   
   two    
   types of knowledgeable (clinical psychology graduate students, psychiatric   
   residents and    
   fellows) and naïve participants (undergraduate students) to feign   
   schizophrenia,    
   regression analyses indicated that the F scale provided the best predictive   
   power of all    
   validity indicators (i.e., F, Fb, Fp, F - K, and Ds) in differentiating both   
   types of    
   knowledgeable simulators from bona fide outpatients (Bagby, Rogers, Nicholson,   
   et al.,    
   1997). None of the other validity indicators contributed incrementally to the   
   F scale.    
   However, the Fp scale possessed the most predictive power in distinguishing   
   naïve    
   simulators from bona fide outpatients, and none of the remaining validity   
   indicators    
   - 134 -    
   added to its predictive power. Similarly, the F and F - K indicators obtained   
   the largest    
   effect sizes in comparisons involving both types of knowledgeable simulators   
   and bona    
   fide outpatients. Consistent with results of the regression analyses, the Fp   
   scale produced    
   the largest effect size in discriminating naïve simulators from bona fide   
   outpatients    
   (Bagby, Rogers, Nicholson, et al., 1997).    
   Similar to other studies that have provided symptom information to feigners    
      
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