XPost: misc.immigration.usa, alt.global-warming, sac.politics   
   XPost: alt.fan.rush-limbaugh   
   From: communists@hillaryclinton.com   
      
   The original Americans came from Siberia in a single wave no   
   more than 23,000 years ago, at the height of the last Ice Age, a   
   new study has found.   
      
   They may have stayed in the north for thousands of years before   
   spreading in two distinct populations throughout North and South   
   America, according to a new genomic analysis.   
      
   This Ice Age migration over a land bridge between Siberia and   
   Alaska is distinct from the arrival of the Inuit and Eskimo, who   
   were latecomers, spreading throughout the Arctic beginning about   
   5,500 years ago, the researchers said.   
      
   The analysis, using the most comprehensive genetic data set from   
   Native Americans to date, was conducted using three different   
   statistical models.   
      
   The data consisted of the sequenced genomes of 31 living Native   
   Americans, Siberians and people from around the Pacific Ocean,   
   and the genomes of 23 ancient individuals from North and South   
   America, spanning between 200 and 6,000 years ago.   
      
   “There is some uncertainty in the dates of the migration and the   
   divergence between the norther and southern Amerindian   
   populations, but as we get more ancient genomes sequenced, we   
   will be able to put more precise dates on the times of   
   migration,” said co-author Yun Song, associate professor at the   
   University of California, Berkeley.   
      
   The international team concluded that the northern and southern   
   Native American populations diverged between 11,500 and 14,500   
   years ago, with the northern branch leading to the present day   
   Athabascans and Amerindians broadly distributed throughout North   
   America.   
      
   The southern branch peopled Central and South America, as well   
   as part of northern North America.   
      
   “The diversification of modern Native Americans appears to have   
   started around 13,000 years ago when the first unique Native   
   American culture appears in the archaeological record – the   
   Clovis culture,” said Rasmus Nielsen, a UC Berkeley professor.   
      
   “We can date this split so precisely in part because we   
   previously have analysed the 12,600-year-old remains of a boy   
   associated with the Clovis culture,” Nielsen said.   
      
   Researchers found that both populations of Native Americans have   
   a small admixture of genes from East Asians and Australo-   
   Melanesians, including Papuans, Solomon Islanders and Southeast   
   Asian hunter gatherers.   
      
   “It’s a surprising finding and it implies that New World   
   populations were not completely isolated from the Old World   
   after their initial migration,” said Eske Willerslev from the   
   Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, who headed the   
   study.   
      
   “We cannot say exactly how and when this gene flow happened, but   
   one possibility is that it came through the Aleutian Islanders   
   living off the coast of Alaska,” Willerslev added.   
      
   The study appears in the journal Science.   
      
   http://www.financialexpress.com/article/miscellaneous/first-   
   americans-came-from-siberia-23000-years-ago/105621/   
      
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