From: muta...@gmail.com   
      
   On Tuesday, October 25, 2022 at 8:19:58 AM UTC+8, Joe Monk wrote:   
   > > Even if that were true, that would be the BIOS, not "your program".   
   > >   
   > Since when has a computer system required a BIOS?   
      
   Fine. So now you're writing a program on an embedded system.   
      
   > At power on, the processor begins execution from location 0xFFFF0   
      
   And your program starts at this. I don't know if the CS:IP   
   are guaranteed to be particular values or just combine to   
   be at that address.   
      
   I also don't know if the system will have set an SS:SP for you.   
      
   I'm not sure if you can get away without DS being set either,   
   as I'm not sure if you can override the DS segment with the   
   CS segment for all instructions. Even if you did do that,   
   that's still using segmentation.   
      
   And the 8086 is still segmented, even if this embedded   
   application of yours manages to rely on something   
   external to set all the segment registers.   
      
   All it means is that your application is operating in tiny   
   or small memory model. The memory models exist,   
   regardless of whether you personally use them.   
      
   And the concept of segmentation, and the resulting   
   memory models, exist even if the 8086 had never been   
   invented.   
      
   BFN. Paul.   
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)