Mud Matters
 
Feb 6, 2015: Water may be the most influential substance on Earth.  It covers
more than 70% of our planet's surface, plays a key role in weather and
climate, and nurtures life itself.  Earth's deep oceans are unique in the
solar system, and their globe-spanning majesty, as seen from space, is a
testament to the primacy of "H2O."
 
Oceans, however, are just the most eye-catching repositories of water.  The
substance can be found in lesser amounts in almost every nook and cranny of
the planet, and researchers know it is important to keep track of water
everywhere.
 
For example... in mud.
 
http://youtu.be/ToO-tS-X2U4
 
A new ScienceCast video explores the importance of moist soils in the Earth
system.  Play it
 
Believe it or not, NASA has just launched a satellite that can track water in
the muddy slosh under your feet, as well as other forms of water in the
ground.  The name of the mission is SMAP-short for "Soil Moisture Active
Passive."
 
The satellite left Earth on Jan. 31st, rocketing into the sky onboard a United
Launch Alliance Delta II rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.
 
There's more to soil moisture than mud, of course. "With data from SMAP,
scientists and decision makers around the world will be better equipped to
understand how Earth works as a system," says Christine Bonniksen, SMAP
program executive at NASA headquarters.  "It will show us the down-to-Earth
impacts of soil moisture, from floods and drought to weather and crop yield
forecasts."
 
SMAP senses soil moisture using an extraordinary mesh antenna; a large
six-meter, mesh reflector antenna will deploy like a pop-up tent and spin,
lasso-style, at approximately14 revolutions per minute.  Thru this antenna,
both the radar actively pinging the ground below with microwaves and the
passive radiometer listening to the earth's emissions, can gauge the moisture
in soils along the satellite's ground track.  Circling Earth in a 426-mile
altitude, near-polar orbit, SMAP will be able to produce high resolution
"moisture maps" every three days.
 
Water in the soil can exist in many forms. As it orbits, SMAP will be able to
detect whether the ground within its 3 kilometer wide "footprint" is frozen or
thawed. This capability, which is unique to SMAP, will assist scientists in
determining the growing season length and how much carbon plants are removing
from the atmosphere each year, thus improving our current understanding of
global warming.
 
Additionally, SMAP will enhance our ability to respond to weather-related
catastrophes by contributing to flood prediction and drought monitoring.
 
"Soils are like sponges," explains Erika Podest, a scientist on the SMAP team
at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "They can hold a certain amount of water.
If we know the amount of water in the soils and we know that there's a big
rainstorm coming, for example, and that the soils are near saturation, then we
can predict that that area might be at risk for flooding."
 
Clearly, mud does a lot more than just lie underfoot. The data gathered by the
SMAP mission will be invaluable both within and beyond the science lab.
 
Says Podest confidently, "I think it has the potential to touch everyone's
life."
 
Credits:
 
Authors: Rachel Molina, Dr. Tony Phillips | Production editor: Dr. Tony
Phillips | Credit: Science@NASA
 
 
Regards,
 
Roger

--- D'Bridge 3.99
 * Origin: NCS BBS - Houma, LoUiSiAna (1:3828/7)