From: scottlgu@gmail.com   
      
   Traditionally, many of AI researches are based on Turing Machine,   
   which are   
   highly influenced by deterministic models.   
      
   However, for the real world, there are quantum theory, etc., suggest   
   the   
   possibility of nondeterministism.   
      
   Ilya Prigogine also proposed thermodynamic systems far from   
   equilibrium,   
   which could be a model of life.   
      
   However, there is a big gap between life and intelligence phenomena.   
      
   So I propose a three-level model of intelligence: Life, Psychology,   
   and   
   Intelligence, to fit into the gap.   
      
   Psychology is a subdomain of life. Intelligence is a subdomain of both   
   life and psychology.   
      
   So far, most of AI researches are based on methods of equilibrium.   
   However,   
   Ilya Prigogine's theory suggests a far from equilibrium model for   
   life.   
      
   In real world, due to measurability, there could be several   
   possibilities:   
      
   1) Measurable Determinism, determined by measurable factors:   
   environment   
   and internal states, etc.   
   2) Unmeasurable Determinism, determined by some factors which are not   
   measurable.   
   3) Nondeterminism. With this model, there could be somethings such as   
   free wills, etc.   
      
   Systems far from equilibrium, combined with the possibilities of   
   measurable   
   or unmeasurable, could be the way to illustrate the complexity of   
   psychology   
   and intelligence.   
      
   Based on my three-level model, the psychological concepts of 'will' or   
   'free will'   
   could be studied based on systems far from equilibrium.   
      
   Ilya Prigogine proposed his theory long time ago. Are there already   
   many research   
   results of AI coming out based on systems far from equilibrium ? If   
   not, probably   
   people should refocus AI researches on methods of far from   
   equilibrium, rather than   
   on equilibrium.   
      
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