From: nowhere@nospicedham.never.at   
      
   On 21.01.2021 08:23, bilsch01 wrote:   
   > I read the x86 instruction reference. It is clear to me that pusha   
   > will decrement sp by 16. But it sounds like popa will increment sp by   
   > only 14. Is that correct?   
   >   
   > The text of the reference for popa says:   
   >   
   > Pops doublewords (POPAD) or words (POPA) from the stack into the   
   > general-purpose registers. The registers are loaded in the following   
   > order: EDI, ESI, EBP, EBX, EDX, ECX, and EAX (if the operand-size   
   > attribute is 32) and DI, SI, BP, BX, DX, CX, and AX (if the operand-size   
   > attribute is 16). (These instructions reverse the operation of the   
   > PUSHA/PUSHAD instructions.) The value on the stack for the ESP or SP   
   > register is ignored.   
   > Instead, the ESP or SP register is incremented   
   > after each register is loaded.   
      
   this last sentence is just nonsense, both PUSHA(d) and POPA(d)   
   add/sub 16(32) bytes after all moves done.   
   But POPA wont alter (e)SP, coz this wouldn't make any sense.   
      
   So this two instructions pair just fine :)   
   __   
   wolfgang   
      
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