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   an Arab state and a Jewish state, which should retain an economic union.   
   An international regime was envisioned for Jerusalem.   
      
   The Arab delegations at the UN had sought to keep separate the issue of   
   Palestine from the issue of Jewish refugees in Europe. During their   
   visit, UNSCOP members were shocked by the extent of Lehi and Irgun   
   violence, then at its apogee, and by the elaborate military presence   
   attested by endemic barb-wire, searchlights, and armoured-car patrols.   
   Committee members also witnessed the SS Exodus affair in Haifa and could   
   hardly have remained unaffected by it. On concluding their mission, they   
   dispatched a subcommittee to investigate Jewish refugee camps in   
   Europe.[52][53] The incident is mentioned in the report in relation to   
   Jewish distrust and resentment concerning the British enforcement of the   
   1939 White Paper.[54]   
      
   UNSCOP report   
   On 3 September 1947, the Committee reported to the General Assembly.   
   CHAPTER V: PROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS (I), Section A of the Report   
   contained eleven proposed recommendations (I – XI) approved unanimously.   
   Section B contained one proposed recommendation approved by a   
   substantial majority dealing with the Jewish problem in general (XI).   
   CHAPTER VI: PROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS (II) contained a Plan of Partition   
   with Economic Union to which seven members of the Committee (Canada,   
   Czechoslovakia, Guatemala, the Netherlands, Peru, Sweden and Uruguay),   
   expressed themselves in favour. CHAPTER VII RECOMMENDATIONS (III)   
   contained a comprehensive proposal that was voted upon and supported by   
   three members (India, Iran, and Yugoslavia) for a Federal State of   
   Palestine. Australia abstained. In CHAPTER VIII a number of members of   
   the Committee expressed certain reservations and observations.[55]   
      
   Proposed partition   
   See also: Land ownership of the British Mandate of Palestine   
      
   Land ownership   
      
   Population distribution   
   Two maps reviewed by UN Subcommittee 2 in considering partition   
   The report of the majority of the Committee (CHAPTER VI) envisaged the   
   division of Palestine into three parts: an Arab State, a Jewish State   
   and the City of Jerusalem, linked by extraterritorial crossroads. The   
   proposed Arab State would include the central and part of western   
   Galilee, with the town of Acre, the hill country of Samaria and Judea,   
   an enclave at Jaffa, and the southern coast stretching from north of   
   Isdud (now Ashdod) and encompassing what is now the Gaza Strip, with a   
   section of desert along the Egyptian border. The proposed Jewish State   
   would include the fertile Eastern Galilee, the Coastal Plain, stretching   
   from Haifa to Rehovot and most of the Negev desert,[56] including the   
   southern outpost of Umm Rashrash (now Eilat). The Jerusalem Corpus   
   Separatum included Bethlehem and the surrounding areas.   
      
   The primary objectives of the majority of the Committee were political   
   division and economic unity between the two groups.[4] The Plan tried   
   its best to accommodate as many Jews as possible into the Jewish State.   
   In many specific cases,[citation needed] this meant including areas of   
   Arab majority (but with a significant Jewish minority) in the Jewish   
   state. Thus the Jewish State would have an overall large Arab minority.   
   Areas that were sparsely populated (like the Negev desert), were also   
   included in the Jewish state to create room for immigration. According   
   to the plan, Jews and Arabs living in the Jewish state would become   
   citizens of the Jewish state and Jews and Arabs living in the Arab state   
   would become citizens of the Arab state.   
      
   By virtue of Chapter 3, Palestinian citizens residing in Palestine   
   outside the City of Jerusalem, as well as Arabs and Jews who, not   
   holding Palestinian citizenship, resided in Palestine outside the City   
   of Jerusalem would, upon the recognition of independence, become   
   citizens of the State in which they were resident and enjoy full civil   
   and political rights.   
      
   The Plan would have had the following demographics (data based on 1945).   
      
   Territory    Arab and other population    % Arab and other    Jewish   
   population    % Jewish    Total population   
   Arab State    725,000    99%    10,000    1%    735,000   
   Jewish State    407,000    45%    498,000    55%    905,000   
   International    105,000    51%    100,000    49%    205,000   
   Total    1,237,000    67%    608,000    33%    1,845,000   
   Data from the Report of UNSCOP: 3 September 1947: CHAPTER 4: A   
   COMMENTARY ON PARTITION   
   The land allocated to the Arab State in the final plan included about   
   43% of Mandatory Palestine[57][58][59] and consisted of all of the   
   highlands, except for Jerusalem, plus one-third of the coastline. The   
   highlands contain the major aquifers of Palestine, which supplied water   
   to the coastal cities of central Palestine, including Tel Aviv.[citation   
   needed] The Jewish State allocated to the Jews, who constituted a third   
   of the population and owned about 7% of the land, was to receive 56% of   
   Mandatory Palestine, a slightly larger area to accommodate the   
   increasing numbers of Jews who would immigrate there.[58][59][60] The   
   Jewish State included three fertile lowland plains – the Sharon on the   
   coast, the Jezreel Valley and the upper Jordan Valley. The bulk of the   
   proposed Jewish State's territory, however, consisted of the Negev   
   Desert,[56] which was not suitable for agriculture, nor for urban   
   development at that time. The Jewish State would also be given sole   
   access to the Sea of Galilee, crucial for its water supply, and the   
   economically important Red Sea.   
      
   The committee voted for the plan, 25 to 13 (with 17 abstentions and 2   
   absentees) on 25 November 1947 and the General Assembly was called back   
   into a special session to vote on the proposal. Various sources noted   
   that this was one vote short of the two-thirds majority required in the   
   General Assembly.[60]   
      
   Ad hoc Committee   
   Map comparing the borders of the 1947 partition plan and the armistice   
   of 1949.   
   Boundaries defined in the 1947 UN Partition Plan for Palestine:   
      
      Area assigned for a Jewish state   
        Area assigned for an Arab state   
        Planned Corpus separatum with the intention that Jerusalem would be   
   neither Jewish nor Arab   
   Armistice Demarcation Lines of 1949 (Green Line):   
      
          Israeli controlled territory from 1949   
        Egyptian and Jordanian controlled territory from 1948 until 1967   
   Main article: Ad Hoc Committee on the Palestinian Question   
   On 23 September 1947 the General Assembly established the Ad Hoc   
   Committee on the Palestinian Question to consider the UNSCOP report.   
   Representatives of the Arab Higher Committee and Jewish Agency were   
   invited and attended.[61]   
      
   During the committee's deliberations, the British government endorsed   
   the report's recommendations concerning the end of the mandate,   
   independence, and Jewish immigration.[citation needed] However, the   
   British did "not feel able to implement" any agreement unless it was   
   acceptable to both the Arabs and the Jews, and asked that the General   
   Assembly provide an alternative implementing authority if that proved to   
   be the case.   
      
   The Arab Higher Committee rejected both the majority and minority   
   recommendations within the UNSCOP report. They "concluded from a survey   
   of Palestine history that Zionist claims to that country had no legal or   
   moral basis". The Arab Higher Committee argued that only an Arab State   
   in the whole of Palestine would be consistent with the UN Charter.   
      
   The Jewish Agency expressed support for most of the UNSCOP   
      
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