2a337e06   
   From: pk@pk.invalid   
      
   On Thursday 21 May 2009 18:04, Bill wrote:   
      
   > On May 21, 11:05 am, pk  wrote:   
   >> On Thursday 21 May 2009 17:36, Bill wrote:   
   >>   
   > Thanks PK for your prompt response ! One more question - Is there a   
   > standard library (available in OS) for TCP/IP?   
      
   Usually the OS supports an API that programmers can use to write netowrking   
   code. Most UNIX systems support the so-called "socket API". On Linux, "man   
   7 socket" should get you started. Other UNIX systems should have a similar   
   page. Another good book on the subject is "UNIX  network programming"   
   which, incidentally, is written by the same author of the other book I   
   mentioned.   
   (And there's always google, of course).   
      
   > How do people write code for IP layer, PPP layer, TCP layer, FTP layer   
   > etc.? Do they generally refer to available code on internet? I mean,   
   > because of such a strong presence of these protocols, Is it a common   
   > practice to write it without understanding details?   
      
   "Write it without understanding details" is neither good nor common practice   
   (if possible at all!).   
   Each protocol is usually defined by one or more RFCs, which the implementor   
   should thoroughly read to understand how it works. When the details have   
   been understood, code can be written. Of course, much code already exists   
   and (unless you are doing that as a learning experience or some other   
   reason) can be used as a reference or starting point (if the license allows   
   for that).   
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)