From: rick.jones2@hp.com   
      
   yzghan@gmail.com wrote:   
   > Hi all, I've run my application into an issue with recv() hanging   
   > while the server already exited. recv() is not returning any data or   
   > error. More puzzling is that netstat shows on client side the   
   > connection in ESTABLISHED state while on server side netstat reports   
   > no such connection. Can someone shed some light or share any   
   > experience on this? Below is my system info. Many thanks.   
      
   If the server side manages to "go away" without the client TCP seeing   
   it happen then you can indeed remain in a recv() call forever. For   
   example, if the server simply crashed, or if the server application   
   closed and the TCP FIN segmen and its retransmission was not received   
   by the client TCP.   
      
   TCP by default only runs timers when it is actively transmitting data   
   to the remote, so if there is no data still being transmitted to the   
   server, there are no timers running and so the recv() can stay there   
   forever.   
      
   There are a number of possible solutions:   
      
   1) Mark the socket non-blocking and use select()/poll()/epoll() with a   
      timeout that matches what your application requires.   
      
   2) Use setsockopt() to set SO_RCVTIMEO if all the stacks on which you   
      want your application to run support it.   
      
   3) Set SO_KEEPALIVE to cause TCP keepalives to be enabled.  This will   
      cause TCP to send keepalive probes and so be able to detect   
      (eventually, by default it won't start probing for two hours) the   
      inability to reach the remote system.   
      
   I believe this topic is covered in various texts such as Stevens,   
   Fenner and Rudoff's "Unix Network Programming" and the works of   
   William Stallings among others.   
      
   rick jones   
   --   
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