From: michael.pohoreski@gmail.com   
      
   On Sunday, March 20, 2022 at 4:32:09 AM UTC-7, cybernesto wrote:   
   > Sather's test program produces a perfect square in OpenEmulator, Epple-II   
   and in Tom's Clock Signal.    
   >    
   > 10 HGR : HCOLOR= 3: HPLOT 0,0 TO 0,159 TO (159 * 1.19 + .5),159 TO (159 *   
   1.19 +.5),0 TO 0,0    
   >    
   > I have not checked other emulators but it seems like the most popular,   
   AppleWin on Windows and VirtualX on MacOS, do not emulate this pixel aspect   
   ratio. I suppose that this has given the impression to most new users that   
   square pixels are to be    
   expected.   
      
   We use integer scaling (1x, 2x, 4x) with vertical line doubling in AppleWin   
   for simplicity (1:2 scaling), extra crispness, and historic low resolutions of   
   monitors (sub 1080p).  With 4K monitors and "retina displays" becoming   
   prevalent we finally have    
   sufficient DPI to simulate the dot pitch and grill mask of a CRT.  Not   
   everyone is a fan of blurry images though. i.e. "TV mode"   
      
   That is not meant as an excuse for why we do things wrong but as the reason   
   for why we don't do things right (yet).   
      
   AppleWin's graphics have always been a "hack" -- over time we just use less of   
   them. i.e. Back in 2006 I originally added half-pixel shift support via new   
   video mode to a badly documented renderer that used a magic look up table.    
   Sheldon's NTSC work was    
   another leap forward.  We still have work to do for Aspect Ratio as you note,   
   along with producing accurate color TV blending, better color controls, etc.   
      
   Michael   
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)