From: wolverine01@charter.net   
      
   On 11/23/2024 10:50 AM, sticks wrote:   
      
   > I'll give three specific examples of this next I think you'll like, and   
   > they all reside within the cell.   
      
      
   First, I'll explain something I discovered years ago that really got me   
   hooked on this research and information.  Similar to the 3 examples I'll   
   show next was something written by an atheist investigative journalist   
   who worked for the Chicago Tribune named Lee Strobel.  Though his book   
   gets dismissed for the usual reasons, I want to only examine the facts   
   of two things he presented as being irreducibly complex systems,   
   incapable of originating from a naturalist evolutionary process.  Cilium   
   is the first.  The well known and often cited bacterial flagellum was   
   the second.  I had just read several books on Darwin's theory of   
   evolution.  Thus, no design, no intent, no brain, no plan whatsoever.   
   Even if you had a brain that decided you needed two eyes instead of one,   
   you couldn't physically make your body grow one.  That's not how   
   evolution works.  Instead it had to work by small changes brought on by   
   chance, that had superior capabilities and thus took hold over the next   
   generation.  There is no agenda for supremacy in nature; it all just   
   happens by chance or accident if you will.   
      
   “Cilia are whiplike hairs on the surface of cells. If the cell is   
   stationary, the cilia move fluid across the cell’s surface. For   
   instance,” he said, pointing toward my throat, “you’ve got cilia lining   
   your respiratory tract. Every cell has about two hundred of them, and   
   they beat in synchrony in order to sweep mucus toward your throat for   
   elimination. That’s how your body expels little foreign particles that   
   you accidentally inhale. But cilia also have another function: if the   
   cell is mobile, the cilia can row it through a fluid. Sperm cells would   
   be an example; they’re propelled forward by the rowing action of cilia.”   
      
   When we first discovered these, they just looked like little hairs that   
   did their thing.  Today's electron microscopes have now told us a   
   different and complicated story.   
      
   “There are nine pairs of microtubules, which are long, thin, flexible   
   rods, which encircle two single microtubules. The outer microtubules are   
   connected to each other by what are called nexin linkers. And each   
   microtubule has a motor protein called dynein. The motor protein   
   attaches to one microtubule and has an arm that reaches over, grabs the   
   other one, and pushes it down. So the two rods start to slide lengthwise   
   with respect to each other. As they start to slide, the nexin linkers,   
   which were originally like loose rope, get stretched and become taut. As   
   the dynein pushes farther and farther, it starts to bend the apparatus;   
   then it pushes the other way and bends it back. That’s how you get the   
   rowing motion of the cilium."   
      
   The important part in this discovery is that there are three separate   
   parts of cilium (rods, linkers, and motors) that "are necessary to   
   convert a sliding motion into a bending motion so the cilium can move.   
   If it weren’t for the linkers, everything would fall apart when the   
   sliding motion began. If it weren’t for the motor protein, it wouldn’t   
   move at all. If it weren’t for the rods, there would be nothing to move.   
   So like the mousetrap, the cilium is irreducibly complex.”  Not only   
   that, but without them, we'd die.  This also means not only do we have   
   the irreducible complexity problem, we have another chicken-or-egg   
   situation.  All five of these special motors I'm going to show all have   
   this problem.  If you need them to live, how did we live without them   
   before evolution somehow built them?   
      
   Next, look at the most famous example; bacterial flagellum.  These are   
   basically a "biological machine for propelling cells" that he calls the   
   world's most efficient motor.  They exist only in bacteria, and unlike   
   cilia which act like oars to move cells, these act like a rotary   
   propeller. "The flagellum’s propeller is long and whiplike, made out of   
   a protein called flagellin. This is attached to a drive shaft by hook   
   protein, which acts as a universal joint, allowing the propeller and   
   drive shaft to rotate freely. Several types of proteins act as bushing   
   material to allow the drive shaft to penetrate the bacterial wall and   
   attach to the rotary motor.”   
      
   Where does it get it's energy?  “That’s an interesting phenomenon,” he   
   replied. “Some other biological systems that generate movement, like   
   muscles, use energy that has been stored in what’s called a ‘carrier   
   molecule.’ But the flagellum uses another system — energy generated by a   
   flow of acid through the bacterial membrane. This is a complex process   
   that scientists are still studying and trying to understand. The whole   
   system works really well — the flagellum’s propeller can spin at ten   
   thousand revolutions per minute."   
      
   This spinning has been shown to be able to stop within 1/4 turn and   
   reverse and immediately spin at over 10,000 RPM the other way.  So, what   
   is controlling this process?  "It turns out it has sensory systems that   
   feed into the bacteria flagellum and tell it when to turn on and when to   
   turn off, so that it guides it to food, light, or whatever it’s   
   seeking."  This is another chicken-or-egg situation.  What came first?   
   The system allowing it to function, or the mechanism of doing so?  It is   
   also irreducibly complex in that you need all three parts (a paddle, a   
   rotor, and a motor) or the flagellum does not work at all.  Without   
   these in our bodies....we die.  Evolutionists have no valid explanation   
   for how these came into existence.   
      
   When you look at these two mechanisms from an engineering point of view,   
   they are remarkable solutions to difficult problems the body had to   
   solve for life to exist.  If you're a naturalist, you'll have to wait   
   for some kind of explanation on how they came about.  There is nothing   
   acceptable for now.  The obvious answer is that there is an incredible   
   amount of information and intelligence involved in the design of these   
   things.  These really got me interested in this scientific search for   
   some kind of answers to difficult questions.   
      
   Next I'll show similar mechanisms, motors and pumps, inside every cell   
   in your body.  Kinesin, ribosomes, and the most amazing of all ATP Synthase.   
      
      
      
   --   
   I Stand With Israel!   
      
   --- SoupGate-DOS v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)