From: k_meinhard@gmx.de   
      
   Am 20.02.2019 um 19:59 schrieb trident:   
      
   > I knoww that there are serious isues with submarine communication (ELF and   
   VLF enable only low rate communication). But today's buoys enable connection   
   with geostationary/geosynchronous satellites (impervious to nuclear attack at   
   18 hours timeframe or    
   so). So why we are not hearing about any nation using submarines not just to   
   launch missiles but to command launching too all forces? Only British   
   submarine captain can order launch in case of goverment's destruction but US   
   and Russia use only airplanes    
   and bunkers as secondary command posts...   
   >   
      
   AFAIK there are quite sophisticated techniques to spot submarines, and I   
   guess your' would have to be quite a big one.   
      
   First, there is sound, which can be detected by hidden underwater buoys,   
   distributed through all oceans, other submarines and every ship on the   
   surface.   
      
   Second there's magnetic fields, which can be detected by the same means.   
      
   Then there's the bow- and tailwave, which do propagate not only when   
   emersed on the surface, but also of course when submersed in all   
   directions, These reach the surface some distance away, can be detected   
   by satellite and used to compute position and direction.   
      
   All this means that a submarine is safest lying quietly deep underwater,   
   but only if it reached that place undetected. In most cases atomic   
   submarines are probably shadowed by enemy hunter subs. Tom Clancy   
   described that quite well. The reason you don't hear so much about subs   
   is that they'll mostly be blown out of the water before even launching   
   their first missiles.   
      
   --   
      
   Mit freundlichen Grüßen,   
      
   * Klaus Meinhard *   
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)