XPost: rec.audio.pro   
   From: mrivers@d-and-d.com   
      
   On 11/19/2010 10:01 AM, Randy Yates wrote:   
      
   >    +22dBu = 0dBFS ==>  +4dBu = -18dBFS.   
   > I'm still not sure if that's FS sine or FS square.   
      
   dBFS is a peak level. But since good peak reading meters   
   (and good average reading meters as well) are pretty rare,   
   generally we look at the RMS value of a sine wave when   
   expressing levels.   
      
   I determine the maximum input level experimentally by   
   feeding in a sine wave, watching the digital meter, and   
   looking at the RMS value of the sine wave when the overload   
   light just comes on. To be more accurate, I'll record a bit   
   and examine the level for clipping, boosting the input level   
   incrementally until I'm sure I'm reaching full scale on peaks.   
      
   For outputs, I'll use a program to generate a 0 dBFS sine   
   wave, play it, and read the RMS level of the output.   
      
      
      
   --   
   "Today's production equipment is IT based and cannot be   
   operated without a passing knowledge of computing, although   
   it seems that it can be operated without a passing knowledge   
   of audio." - John Watkinson   
      
   http://mikeriversaudio.wordpress.com - useful and   
   interesting audio stuff   
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)