>" but, other references I've ran into will also state that the   
    RMS of a Square wave = VP, but that only applies to one half of the   
   complete cycle. "   
      
   Well they're wrong because RMS has no polarity.   
      
   Just like they talk about common base and collector amp stages. Truth is ALL   
   amps are common emitter because the emitter is the common of the transistor.   
      
   There are a couple of other things that are actually wrong, but accepted in   
   practice.   
      
   What's this VP anyway ? If it means voltage peak it is dead wrong and should   
   be discarded as a reference.   
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)