From: user@example.net   
      
   On 2/20/2026 12:47 PM, Don Y wrote:   
      
   > I use CoW to implement call-by-value semantics on objects that   
   > would typically be passed as call-by-reference.  E.g., imagine   
   > anObject is a single frame of video and operator() is going to   
   > apply a masking function to it, eliding all but the "important"   
   > parts of the frame for return to the caller.   
   Similar to how GPUs do, if the operator() can perform its required   
   calculations on a const reference to the data but its output can be   
   reduced to operations on individual pixel values of integral type which   
   don't depend on the output value of neighboring pixels std::atomic is   
   for that situation, and should be lock free for processors that have   
   hardware support for atomics e.g. ARM v6 and later   
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
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