From: ehsjr@verizon.net   
      
   On 3/5/2026 12:12 PM, Christopher Howard wrote:   
   >>   
   >> parallel protection1    parallel protection2   
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   > Thank you, would you mind please explaining a little more about these   
   > parallel protection circuits, i.e., how the protection works?   
   >   
      
   Sure. The diodes act as simple voltage limiters.   
      
   General purpose diodes conduct when the voltage across them rises   
   to about .7 volts. 2 diodes in series will conduct when the voltage   
   across the series pair is about 1.4 volts. Therefore a speaker with   
   a series pair of diodes across it won't be exposed to more than   
   roughly 1.4 volts, provided of course, that the diodes are installed   
   in the "right direction". Since a speaker usually is exposed to   
   an AC voltage, you need two diodes in one direction and two in   
   the other direction, so no matter what polarity signal is applied   
   to the speaker one or the other pair of diodes will limit the voltage.   
   1A rated diodes can easily handle all the current a 386 is able   
   to provide.   
   Ed   
      
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