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   Neuroscience. 1993 Dec;57(4):1007-25.   
      
   Two neurotropic viruses, herpes simplex virus type 1 and mouse hepatitis   
   virus, spread along different neural pathways from the main olfactory bulb.   
      
   Barnett EM1, Cassell MD, Perlman S.   
   Author information   
   Abstract   
   Several neurotropic viruses enter the brain after peripheral inoculation and   
   spread transneuronally along pathways known to be connected to the initial   
   site of entry. In this study, the pathways utilized by two such viruses,   
   herpes simplex virus type 1    
   and mouse hepatitis virus strain JHM, were compared using in situ   
   hybridization following inoculation into either the nasal cavity or the main   
   olfactory bulb of the mouse. The results indicate that both viruses spread to   
   infect a unique and only    
   partially overlapping set of connections of the main olfactory bulb. Both   
   quantitative and qualitative differences were observed in the patterns of   
   infection of known primary and secondary main olfactory bulb connections.   
   Using immunohistochemistry for    
   tyrosine hydroxylase combined with in situ hybridization, it was shown that   
   only herpes simplex virus infected noradrenergic neurons in the locus   
   coeruleus. In contrast, both viruses infected dopaminergic neurons in the   
   ventral tegmental area, although    
   mouse hepatitis virus produced a more widespread infection in the A10 group,   
   as well as infecting A8 and A9. The results suggest that differential virus   
   uptake in specific neurotransmitter systems contributes to the pattern of   
   viral spread, although    
   other factors, such as differences in access to particular synapses on   
   infected cells and differences in the distribution of the cellular receptor   
   for the two viruses, are also likely to be important. The data show that   
   neural tracing with different    
   viruses may define unique neural pathways from a site of inoculation. The data   
   also demonstrate that two viruses can enter the brain via the olfactory system   
   and localize to different structures, suggesting that neurological diseases   
   involving disparate    
   regions of the brain could be caused by different viruses, even if entry   
   occurred at a common site.   
   PMID: 8309541 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]   
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   http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8309541   
      
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