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   Type 2 Diabetes May Contribute Towards Dementia Development    
      
      
      
      
   Type 2 Diabetes May Contribute Towards Dementia Development    
   SEPTEMBER 8TH, 2015 Malika Ammam, PhD MALIKA AMMAM, PHD NEWS 0 COMMENTS    
      
        
   In a newly published paper in the Neurology journal entitled “Type 2   
   diabetes mellitus and biomarkers of neurodegeneration”, scientists from   
   Australia found that neurodegenerative disease related dementia could be   
   linked to type 2 diabetes.    
      
   Neurodegenerative disorders occur as a consequence of a progressive loss of   
   structure/function of neurons that lead to the death of nerve cells. This   
   results in diseases like dementia, of which the most known form is   
   Alzheimer’s disease. Patients    
   suffering from dementia may experience difficulties dealing with memory loss,   
   language, impaired visual-spatial orientation, lack of attention and loss of   
   problem solving skills. Various causes of the neurodegeneration processes have   
   been pointed out    
   including genetic mutations, aggregation of proteins, membrane damage,   
   accumulation of intracellular toxic proteins, axonal transport, and   
   mitochondrial dysfunction. However, little is known about the mechanisms of   
   action and influence of preexistent    
   medical conditions like diabetes on neurodegenerative processes. This recent   
   study led by Australian scientists shed some insights into the link between   
   type 2 diabetes and dementia.    
      
   The team explored whether type 2 diabetes promotes the buildup of amyloid   
   plaque (called β-amyloid) seen in Alzheimer’s disease. The study analyzed   
   data from the US Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative which involved   
   816 people with an    
   average age of 74 years. Among those, 397 suffered from mild cognitive   
   impairment which is a precursor to dementia, 191 with Alzheimer’s disease   
   dementia, 124 had diabetes, and 228 people had no memory/thinking problems.    
      
   The scientists looked at associations between type 2 diabetes and parameters   
   like thickness of the outer brain layer, brain amyloid plaque, body fluid   
   found in the brain (called cerebrospinal fluid or CSF) as well as microtubule   
   protein (called tau). In    
   total 816 patients were tested by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 102   
   patients were screened for brain amyloid imaging and 415 were checked for CSF   
   as well as amyloid plaque and tau measurements.    
      
   The team found that type 2 diabetes was associated with lower thickness of the   
   outer brain layer and greater CSF total tau protein. Higher levels of tau in   
   CSF could reflect substantial build-up of plaques in the brain, which may   
   contribute to the    
   development of dementia.    
      
   In sum, the scientists concluded that type 2 diabetes might be a promoter in   
   neurodegenerative processes independently of diagnosis of Alzheimer’s   
   disease dementia. In other words, patients with diabetes may have a higher   
   probability of developing    
   dementia. The underlying mechanism of action could be related to the tau   
   protein, which is imperative to understand for future therapies aimed at   
   reducing damage/death of brain cells.    
      
      
        
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   Malika Ammam, PhD    
   Malika Ammam, PhD    
      
   Malika Ammam received her MS degree from the University of Pierre et Marie   
   CURIE in July 2002 and her PhD from the University of Paris Sud XI, France in   
   September 2005. From 2006 to 2007, she worked as a research fellow at the   
   University of Kansas in    
   collaboration with Pinnacle Technology Inc. (USA). From 2007 to 2010, she was   
   a research associate at KU Leuven, Belgium. From 2010 to 2012, she worked at   
   the University of Ontario Institute of Technology in collaboration with   
   Alcohol Countermeasure    
   Systems Corporation, Canada. She held a prestigious Rosalind Franklin   
   fellowship and resigned in 2015. Now, she is a freelancer.    
      
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