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   THE MICROBIOME-GUT-BRAIN-AXIS   
      
      
   THE MICROBIOME-GUT-BRAIN-AXIS   
   Christopher Rasmussen MD, MS (aka "Reality Renegade") | October 5, 2013	| 0   
   Comments   
   THE MICROBIOME-GUT-BRAIN-AXIS   
      
   (OR WHAT HAPPENS IN VAGUS STAYS IN VAGUS)   
      
    We have a plethora of brain-like organs. We also have this other thingy   
   called gut health which has its share of mental-emotional effects. In fact,   
   researchers have a term they use called the microbiome-gut-brain axis. As the   
   term implies it means that    
   our intestinal flora affects the gut which in turn influences the brain   
   through several possible mechanisms. One route is through the large coaxial   
   cable called the vagus nerve which connects the entire GI system directly with   
   the brain. It appears to be    
   one of the ways the microbiome "speaks" to the brain.   
      
   It also involves the brain's valium-like receptor class called the gamma   
   aminobutyric (GABA) system. The GABAergic system has been recently implicated   
   in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression. Chronic colitis in humans is   
   apparently associated with    
   a much greater incidence of anxiety. Bercik et al found that certain   
   populations of bacteria could reduce anxiety in mice that had chronic colitis   
   as long as they had an intact vagus nerve.[1] This contradicts the old saying   
   that what happens in the    
   vagus nerve stays in the vagus nerve. According to Bravo et al, when the   
   microflora is disrupted and imbalanced with the overgrowth of harmful bacteria   
   or yeast (called dysbiosis) it can markedly affect people or lab mice causing   
   symptoms like anxiety.[2]   
    They concluded by saying:   
      
   ...these findings highlight the important role of bacteria in the   
   bidirectional communication of the gut-brain axis and suggest that certain   
   organisms may prove to be useful therapeutic adjuncts in stress-related   
   disorders such as anxiety and depression.   
      
   Indeed combinations of probiotics are already formulated that have anxiolytic,   
   Valium-like effects in human volunteers. One formula was used in a   
   double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized parallel group study with   
   probiotic formula (PF-L. helveticus    
   R0052 and B. longum R0175) administered for 30 days resulted in alleviated   
   psychological distress... and other beneficial psychological effects in   
   healthy human volunteers.[3]   
      
    It goes much further however. Philip Burnet published an article in the   
   Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2012 entitled: Gut bacteria   
   and brain function: The challenges of a growing field.[4] In this paper he   
   points out that other    
   investigators have shown that there are possibly gut-derived neuroactive   
   substances working outside the vagus nerve probably in the bloodstream.   
   Furthermore, additional work has shown that the microbiome affects things like   
   spatial memory, problem    
   solving abilities, treating seizure disorders and anxiolysis. He concludes by   
   saying:   
      
   Bacterial gene profiling by the Human Microbiome Project at the National   
   Institutes of Health has been active since 2008 and promises to yield   
   sufficient information to allow such comparisons [of different classes of   
   beneficial bacteria] to be made.   
      
      
      
      
      
   In summary, investigations into the microbiome-gut-brain axis have already   
   yielded compelling evidence for the link between gut bacteria proliferation   
   and brain function.   
      
   In fact, the gut may emerge as the single most important health factor in the   
   entire field of preventive medicine. Consider the fact that we, as a modern   
   species, may have lost much of our intestinal biodiversity (EO Petrof et al)   
   from our cave man past    
   which had no refrigeration, no antibiotics, no chlorinated water, all babies   
   breast fed, all babies vaginally delivered (as opposed to about 25% or more   
   from Cesarean section), and eating unrefined, mainly raw or fermented foods   
   free of antibiotics.   
      
   DYSBIOSIS AND AUTISM   
      
   There is increasing evidence for the involvement of the gut microbiota in   
   regressive autism. As we have seen above microbial dysbiosis has been shown to   
   alter the behavior of laboratory animals and human volunteers, while the   
   subsequent treatment with    
   specific probiotic formulas relieves those symptoms. This is an important   
   concept that is finally being investigated and brought to the forefront by   
   many doctors. One such person is Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride. Allegedly   
   McBride was able to "cure" her    
   son of autism to the point where he literally lost the diagnosis of autism. Dr   
   McBride is a neurologist with a practice in the UK where she treats patients   
   with autism, learning disabilities, neurological and psychiatric diseases,   
   along with immune and    
   digestive disorders. I believe it's possible to significantly help those   
   suffering from ASD by changing diet and gut milieu. I don't know about curing   
   autism this way. However, more and more cases are appearing in the literature.   
   A casual glance through    
   PubMed reveal dozens of studies on this and related subjects. I am providing   
   some of these below. Dr Wakefield has had similar case reports where autistic   
   children put on a gluten free diet, vastly improved to the point where some of   
   them can no longer    
   meet the diagnostic criteria of autism. Back in the mid-nineties he reported   
   on this association. These kids had autism and inflammatory bowel disease   
   together which has recently been corroborated by others (Parracho et al.,   
   2005). They improved    
   considerably once they were put on the proper anti-inflammatory medications   
   for their GI tracts. Autistic kids often have altered urinary metabolites   
   characteristic of altered gut microbiota. At least six studies have been done   
   that demonstrate autistic    
   children have considerable gut dysbiosis.[5] This has led some to theorize for   
   a bacterial toxin-medicated disease (Bolte, 1998; Finegold, 2011b). Further   
   evidence for a gut-brain pathology comes from the use of oral vancomycin (a   
   powerful antibiotic    
   used to treat some types of severe dysbiosis) in a group of severely autistic   
   children. They reported impressive developmental gains during treatment that   
   diminished when the drug was withdrawn.[6]   
      
   Who would have thought that your brain function and emotions can be   
   drastically influenced by your gut microbiome? Twenty years ago you would have   
   been burned at the stake for claiming this.   
      
      
   [continued in next message]   
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)