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   Increased risk suicide death associated with hospitalization for infection   
   Date:   
   August 10, 2016   
   Source:   
   The JAMA Network Journals   
      
   Summary:   
   Being hospitalized with infection was associated with an increased risk of   
   suicide death and the highest risk of suicide was among those individuals with   
   hepatitis and HIV or AIDS, according to a study.   
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   FULL STORY   
   Being hospitalized with infection was associated with an increased risk of   
   suicide death and the highest risk of suicide was among those individuals with   
   hepatitis and HIV or AIDS, according to a study published online by JAMA   
   Psychiatry.   
      
      
   While psychological predictors of suicide have been studied extensively, less   
   attention has been paid to the effect of biological factors, such as infection.   
      
   Helene Lund-Sørensen, B.M., of Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark, and   
   coauthors used Danish nationwide registers to investigate associations between   
   infectious diseases and the risk of death by suicide.   
      
   All individuals 15 or older living in Denmark from 1980 through 2011 were   
   included, resulting in study population of more than 7.2 million individuals.   
   A history of infection was defined as one or more infection diagnoses since   
   1977. Infections were    
   grouped into categories, including pathogen (i.e. bacterial, viral, others)   
   and infection type (i.e. sepsis, hepatitis, genital, central nervous system,   
   HIV or AIDS, etc.).   
      
   Among the more than 7.2 million individuals, there were 809,384 (11.2 percent)   
   hospitalized with infection during follow-up. There were 32,683 suicides   
   during follow-up and of those 7,892 (24.1 percent) individuals had been   
   previously diagnosed with    
   infection during hospitalization.   
      
   Study results suggest hospitalization with infection was linked to a 42   
   percent higher risk of suicide death compared to those individuals without   
   infection. Also, the more infections and the longer the treatment, the higher   
   the apparent risk for death    
   by suicide, according to the results.   
      
   While there may be several potential causal links between infection and   
   suicide, this study cannot conclusively show causality. The authors suggest   
   their findings support literature linking infections, proinflammatory   
   cytokines and inflammatory    
   metabolites to increased risk of suicidal behavior. They also note that an   
   association between infection and suicide could also be an epiphenomenon or be   
   impacted by other factors. The psychological effect of being hospitalized with   
   a severe infection    
   might affect the risk of suicide.   
      
   The authors note several study limitations, including the inability to   
   determine whether the hospital treatment itself or disability due to severe   
   infection might explain some of the risks for suicide and whether other risk   
   factors for suicide, such as    
   depression, may be associated with self-care issues and therefore linked to   
   the incidence and severity of infections.   
      
   "Our findings indicate that infections may have a relevant role in the   
   pathophysiological mechanisms of suicidal behavior. Provided that the   
   association between infection and the risk of death by suicide was causal,   
   identification and early treatment of    
   infections could be explored as a public health measure for prevention of   
   suicide. Still, further efforts are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms by   
   which infection influences human behavior and risk of suicide," the study   
   concludes.   
      
   Editorial: Ascertaining Whether Suicides Are Caused by Infections   
      
   "Strengthening the case for a possible causal role of infections in the   
   pathogenic process that leads to suicide, these researchers show that an   
   increased risk of suicide was associated with the length of treatment and with   
   an increasing number of    
   hospitalizations with infections. Individuals with seven or more infections   
   had an increased risk of suicide of almost 300 percent," write Lena C.   
   Brundin, M.D., Ph.D., and Jamie Grit, B.Sc., of the Van Andel Research   
   Institute, Grand Rapids, Mich., in a    
   related editorial.   
      
      
   Story Source:   
      
   The above post is reprinted from materials provided by The JAMA Network   
   Journals. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.   
      
   Journal References:   
      
   Lena C. Brundin, MD, PhD; Jamie Grit, BSc. Ascertaining Whether Suicides Are   
   Caused by Infections. JAMA Psychiatry, August 2016 DOI: 10.1001/   
   amapsychiatry.2016.1470   
   Annette Erlangsen, PhD et al. A Nationwide Cohort Study of the Association   
   Between Hospitalization With Infection and Risk of Death by Suicide. JAMA   
   Psychiatry, August 2016 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.1594   
   Cite This Page:   
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   APA   
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   The JAMA Network Journals. "Increased risk suicide death associated with   
   hospitalization for infection." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 10 August 2016.   
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