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   Is Depression in Mild Cognitive Impairment a Precursor to Dementia?   
      
   Posted on December 3, 2016   
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   MedicalResearch.com Interview with:   
   Zahinoor Ismail MD FRCPC   
   Clinical Associate Professor,   
   Hotchkiss Brain Institute   
   University of Calgary   
      
   MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main   
   findings?   
      
   Response: Depression and depressive symptoms are common in mild cognitive   
   impairment (MCI). Evidence suggests that depression in MCI increases the   
   likelihood of progression from MCI to dementia, compared to non-depressed   
   people with MCI. In the newer    
   construct of mild behavioural impairment (MBI), which describes the   
   relationship between later life onset of sustained and impactful   
   neuropsychiatric symptoms and the risk of cognitive decline and dementia,   
   depression is an important subdomain (in    
   addition to apathy, impulse control, social cognition and psychotic symptoms).   
   Thus, depression and depressive symptoms are a significant risk factor for   
   cognitive, behavioural and functional outcomes in older adults who have at   
   most mild cognitive    
   impairment. As the importance of neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults   
   emerges, good prevalence estimates are required to inform clinicians and   
   researchers as well as public health policy and decision makers.   
      
   We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the best   
   estimate of prevalence of depression in  mild cognitive impairment. We   
   included 57 studies, representing 20,892 participants in the analysis. While   
   we determined that the omnibus    
   prevalence estimate was 32%, there was significant heterogeneity in this   
   sample based on setting. In community samples, the rate was 25%, but in   
   clinical samples this was higher at 40%. Additionally, different case   
   ascertainment methods for depression (   
   self report, clinician administered or caregiver report) and different MCI   
   criteria didn’t change the prevalence estimates.   
      
      
   MedicalResearch.com: What should readers take away from your report?   
      
   Response: Depression and depressive symptoms are common and very important in   
   older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Irrespective of how depression is   
   diagnosed in this population, the presence of depressive symptoms is an   
   important signal that    
   requires attention and follow up.   
      
   MedicalResearch.com: What recommendations do you have for future research as a   
   result of this study?   
      
   Response: We have determined baseline prevalence rates of depression in  mild   
   cognitive impairment.   
      
   Longitudinal studies are required to determine the relative impact of   
   different depressive features on progression to dementia as well as   
   interactions and comorbidity with other neuropsychiatric symptoms, as in the   
   MBI construct. Further imaging and    
   biomarker studies are required to determine if depressive symptoms in MCI are   
   a unique target for dementia progression, or if they are simply a   
   manifestation of underlying dementia neuropathology.   
      
   MedicalResearch.com: Thank you for your contribution to the Medi   
   alResearch.com community.   
      
   Citation:   
      
   Ismail Z, Elbayoumi H, Fischer CE, Hogan DB, Millikin CP, Schweizer T, Mortby   
   ME, Smith EE, Patten SB, Fiest KM. Prevalence of Depression in Patients With   
   Mild Cognitive ImpairmentA Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA   
   Psychiatry. Published online    
   November 23, 2016. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3162   
      
   Note: Content is Not intended as medical advice. Please consult your health   
   care provider regarding your specific medical condition and questions.   
      
   More Medical Research Interviews on MedicalResearch.com   
      
      
   https://medicalresearch.com/author-interviews/is-depression-in-m   
   ld-cognitive-impairment-a-precursor-to-dementia/29935/   
      
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