From: mha23x@gmail.com   
      
   On Wednesday, March 1, 2017 at 2:08:24 PM UTC-6, ⊙＿⊙ wrote:   
   > Tampering with a witness, victim, or an informant (18 U.S. Code § 1512)    
   >    
   > *****    
   >    
   > 18 U.S. Code § 1512 - Tampering with a witness, victim, or an informant    
   >    
   > Current through Pub. L. 113-185. (See Public Laws for the current Congress.)    
   > US Code    
   > Notes    
   > Authorities (CFR)    
   > prev | next    
   > (a)    
   > (1) Whoever kills or attempts to kill another person, with intent to--    
   > (A) prevent the attendance or testimony of any person in an official   
   proceeding;    
   > (B) prevent the production of a record, document, or other object, in an   
   official proceeding; or    
   > (C) prevent the communication by any person to a law enforcement officer or   
   judge of the United States of information relating to the commission or   
   possible commission of a Federal offense or a violation of conditions of   
   probation, parole, or release    
   pending judicial proceedings;    
   > shall be punished as provided in paragraph (3).    
   > (2) Whoever uses physical force or the threat of physical force against any   
   person, or attempts to do so, with intent to--    
   > (A) influence, delay, or prevent the testimony of any person in an official   
   proceeding;    
   > (B) cause or induce any person to--    
   > (i) withhold testimony, or withhold a record, document, or other object,   
   from an official proceeding;    
   > (ii) alter, destroy, mutilate, or conceal an object with intent to impair   
   the integrity or availability of the object for use in an official proceeding;    
   > (iii) evade legal process summoning that person to appear as a witness, or   
   to produce a record, document, or other object, in an official proceeding; or    
   > (iv) be absent from an official proceeding to which that person has been   
   summoned by legal process; or    
   > (C) hinder, delay, or prevent the communication to a law enforcement officer   
   or judge of the United States of information relating to the commission or   
   possible commission of a Federal offense or a violation of conditions of   
   probation, supervised    
   release, parole, or release pending judicial proceedings;    
   > shall be punished as provided in paragraph (3).    
   > (3) The punishment for an offense under this subsection is--    
   > (A) in the case of a killing, the punishment provided in sections 1111 and   
   1112;    
   > (B) in the case of--    
   > (i) an attempt to murder; or    
   > (ii) the use or attempted use of physical force against any person;    
   > imprisonment for not more than 30 years; and    
   > (C) in the case of the threat of use of physical force against any person,   
   imprisonment for not more than 20 years.    
   > (b) Whoever knowingly uses intimidation, threatens, or corruptly persuades   
   another person, or attempts to do so, or engages in misleading conduct toward   
   another person, with intent to--    
   > (1) influence, delay, or prevent the testimony of any person in an official   
   proceeding;    
   > (2) cause or induce any person to--    
   > (A) withhold testimony, or withhold a record, document, or other object,   
   from an official proceeding;    
   > (B) alter, destroy, mutilate, or conceal an object with intent to impair the   
   object's integrity or availability for use in an official proceeding;    
   > (C) evade legal process summoning that person to appear as a witness, or to   
   produce a record, document, or other object, in an official proceeding; or    
   > (D) be absent from an official proceeding to which such person has been   
   summoned by legal process; or    
   > (3) hinder, delay, or prevent the communication to a law enforcement officer   
   or judge of the United States of information relating to the commission or   
   possible commission of a Federal offense or a violation of conditions of   
   probation  [1] supervised    
   release,, [1] parole, or release pending judicial proceedings;    
   > shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or   
   both.    
   > (c) Whoever corruptly--    
   > (1) alters, destroys, mutilates, or conceals a record, document, or other   
   object, or attempts to do so, with the intent to impair the object's integrity   
   or availability for use in an official proceeding; or    
   > (2) otherwise obstructs, influences, or impedes any official proceeding, or   
   attempts to do so,    
   > shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or   
   both.    
   > (d) Whoever intentionally harasses another person and thereby hinders,   
   delays, prevents, or dissuades any person from--    
   > (1) attending or testifying in an official proceeding;    
   > (2) reporting to a law enforcement officer or judge of the United States the   
   commission or possible commission of a Federal offense or a violation of   
   conditions of probation  [1] supervised release,, [1] parole, or release   
   pending judicial proceedings;    
   > (3) arresting or seeking the arrest of another person in connection with a   
   Federal offense; or    
   > (4) causing a criminal prosecution, or a parole or probation revocation   
   proceeding, to be sought or instituted, or assisting in such prosecution or   
   proceeding;    
   > or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more   
   than 3 years, or both.    
   > (e) In a prosecution for an offense under this section, it is an affirmative   
   defense, as to which the defendant has the burden of proof by a preponderance   
   of the evidence, that the conduct consisted solely of lawful conduct and that   
   the defendant's    
   sole intention was to encourage, induce, or cause the other person to testify   
   truthfully.    
   > (f) For the purposes of this section--    
   > (1) an official proceeding need not be pending or about to be instituted at   
   the time of the offense; and    
   > (2) the testimony, or the record, document, or other object need not be   
   admissible in evidence or free of a claim of privilege.    
   > (g) In a prosecution for an offense under this section, no state of mind   
   need be proved with respect to the circumstance--    
   > (1) that the official proceeding before a judge, court, magistrate judge,   
   grand jury, or government agency is before a judge or court of the United   
   States, a United States magistrate judge, a bankruptcy judge, a Federal grand   
   jury, or a Federal    
   Government agency; or    
   > (2) that the judge is a judge of the United States or that the law   
   enforcement officer is an officer or employee of the Federal Government or a   
   person authorized to act for or on behalf of the Federal Government or serving   
   the Federal Government as an    
   adviser or consultant.    
      
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