From: mjs23x@gmail.com   
      
   Clinical insights into the human microbiome    
      
   Guest editor: Dr Omry Koren    
      
      
      
   The human microbiome is responsible for a host of functions that influence the   
   body in both health and disease. Its roles are being thoroughly explored in   
   several fields of research, highlighting the strong interdependence between   
   the microbiota and    
   humans. There is growing consensus that the microbiome is a major player in   
   the immune system, and also determines the control of the body at multiple   
   levels. A number of diseases and immune reactions are now believed to be   
   closely linked to how the    
   microbial balance changes throughout a person’s life.    
      
   In this article collection we explore the most recent and exciting findings on   
   how the microbiome shapes our body responses and affects treatment.    
      
   Examples of featured topics include the gut brain axis, the role of microbiome   
   in treatment outcomes, immune response and microbiome diversity and the effect   
   of antibiotics in children.    
      
   If you have any presubmission queries about this article collection, please   
   email us at bmcmedicin...@biomedcentral.com    
      
   REVIEW    
   Infant fungal communities: current knowledge and research opportunities    
   The microbes colonizing the infant gastrointestinal tract have been implicated   
   in later-life disease states such as allergies and obesity. Recently, the   
   medical research community has begun to realize that ver...    
   Tonya L. Ward, Dan Knights and Cheryl A. Gale    
   BMC Medicine 2017 15:30    
   Published on: 13 February 2017    
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   COMMENTARY    
   Ethical issues in microbiome research and medicine    
   The human microbiome is the collection of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that   
   live on and in the human organism’s skin, mucosa, and intestinal tract.   
   Re-examining commonly accepted ethical standards from the per...    
   Rosamond Rhodes    
   BMC Medicine 2016 14:156    
   Published on: 12 October 2016    
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   RESEARCH ARTICLE    
   Long-term effects on luminal and mucosal microbiota and commonly acquired taxa   
   in faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile   
   infection    
   Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for   
   recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI). It restores the disrupted   
   intestinal microbiota and subsequently suppresses C. difficile. Th...    
   Jonna Jalanka, Eero Mattila, Hanne Jouhten, Jorn Hartman, Willem M. de Vos,   
   Perttu Arkkila and Reetta Satokari    
   BMC Medicine 2016 14:155    
   Published on: 11 October 2016    
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   RESEARCH ARTICLE    
   Oral, frozen fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) capsules for recurrent   
   Clostridium difficile infection    
   Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been shown to be safe and effective   
   in treating refractory or relapsing C. difficile infection (CDI), but its use   
   has been limited by practical barriers. We recently rep...    
   Ilan Youngster, Jasmin Mahabamunuge, Hannah K. Systrom, Jenny Sauk, Hamed   
   Khalili, Joanne Levin, Jess L. Kaplan and Elizabeth L. Hohmann    
   BMC Medicine 2016 14:134    
   Published on: 9 September 2016    
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   OPINION    
   Antibiotic use during pregnancy: how bad is it?    
   Our microbial companions (the “microbiota”) are extremely important for   
   the preservation of human health. Although changes in bacterial communities   
   (dysbiosis) are commonly associated with disease, such change...    
   Amir A. Kuperman and Omry Koren    
   BMC Medicine 2016 14:91    
   Published on: 17 June 2016    
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   MINIREVIEW    
   The gut microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus infection    
   HIV/AIDS causes severe dysfunction of the immune system through CD4+ T cell   
   depletion, leading to dysregulation of both the adaptive and innate immune   
   arms. A primary target for viral infection is the gastroin...    
   Gili Zilberman-Schapira, Niv Zmora, Shlomik Itav, Stavros Bashiardes, Hila   
   Elinav and Eran Elinav    
   BMC Medicine 2016 14:83    
   Published on: 3 June 2016    
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   COMMENTARY    
   Probiotics and microbiota composition    
   Accumulated evidence, corroborated by a new systematic review by Kristensen et   
   al. (Genome Med 8:52, 2016), suggests that probiotics do not significantly   
   impact the fecal microbiota composition of healthy subj...    
   Mary Ellen Sanders    
   BMC Medicine 2016 14:82    
   Published on: 2 June 2016    
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   OPINION    
   Mirror, mirror on the wall: which microbiomes will help heal them all?    
   Clinicians have known for centuries that there is substantial variability   
   between patients in their response to medications—some individuals exhibit a   
   miraculous recovery while others fail to respond at all. S...    
   Renuka R. Nayak and Peter J. Turnbaugh    
   BMC Medicine 2016 14:72    
   Published on: 4 May 2016    
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   OPINION    
   Antibiotics, obesity and the link to microbes - what are we doing to our   
   children?    
   Childhood obesity and overweight are among the greatest health challenges in   
   the pediatric population. Obese individuals exhibit marked differences in the   
   composition of the intestinal microbial community as c...    
   Olli Turta and Samuli Rautava    
   BMC Medicine 2016 14:57    
   Published on: 19 April 2016    
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   OPINION    
   Moody microbes or fecal phrenology: what do we know about the mi   
   robiota-gut-brain axis?    
   The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a term that is commonly used and covers a   
   broad set of functions and interactions between the gut microbiome, endocrine,   
   immune and nervous systems and the brain. The field is ...    
   Paul Forsythe, Wolfgang Kunze and John Bienenstock    
   BMC Medicine 2016 14:58    
   Published on: 19 April 2016    
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   COMMENTARY    
   Policing of gut microbiota by the adaptive immune system    
   The intestinal microbiota is a large and diverse microbial community that   
   inhabits the intestine, containing about 100 trillion bacteria of 500-1000   
   distinct species that, collectively, provide benefits to the...    
   Laurent Dollé, Hao Q. Tran, Lucie Etienne-Mesmin and Benoit Chassaing    
   BMC Medicine 2016 14:27    
   Published on: 12 February 2016    
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