From: mjs23x@gmail.com   
      
   B Vitamins in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Vascular Dementia   
      
   Chapter · August 2010 with 5 Reads   
   DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-542-2_13    
   In book: Preventive Nutrition, pp.325-334   
      
   1st Kristen E. D’Anci   
      
   2nd Irwin H. Rosenberg   
   Abstract   
   As the number of elderly continues to increase worldwide, age-related   
   neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia,   
   are a growing concern. In some cases, vascular dementia and cognitive decline   
   in aging are associated with    
   nutritional status and elevated homocysteine, suggesting that improving   
   nutritional status can play a meaningful role in the prevention of cognitive   
   impairment. The research described in this chapter represents current   
   understanding on the relationships    
   of folate and vitamin B12 nutritional status with cognitive function and   
   dementia in adults and elderly. Low B vitamin status is associated with   
   increased homocysteine levels and there is evidence that insufficient B   
   vitamin intake is associated with    
   lower cognitive scores in comparison to adequate intake. However, higher rates   
   of cognitive decline have been reported with high levels of folate and folic   
   acid intake in adults, and memory performance may be impaired with high folate   
   intake in    
   individuals with low vitamin B12 status. Overall, studies reported lower   
   folate blood levels and a higher prevalence of deficiency among subjects with   
   dementia. In general, vitamin B12 serum levels were lower in patients with   
   dementia relative to    
   nondemented individuals; however, this relationship was not as consistent as   
   that for folate. Subsequent to mandatory folic acid fortification, stroke   
   mortality has decreased at a greater rate in the United States and Canada,   
   suggesting a positive effect    
   of fortification on cerebrovascular health. Interventions with folic acid and   
   with combinations of B vitamins were able to improve cognitive function or   
   prevent decline, especially in subjects with low nutrient status. As with the   
   data for blood nutrient    
   levels, evidence that vitamin B12 treatment improves cognitive function is   
   conflicting and less positive. Key WordsAging-Alzheimer’s disease-B   
   vitamins-cerebrovascular disease-cognition-dementia-folate-folic acid-vitamin   
   B6-vitamin B12   
      
      
   https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226780137_B_Vitamins_in   
   the_Prevention_of_Cognitive_Decline_and_Vascular_Dementia   
      
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