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   Diets High in Meat Consumption Associated with Obesity   
      
      
   A diet that promotes meat consumption might increase your risk of becoming   
   obese, according to a study conducted by researchers at the Johns Hopkins   
   Bloomberg School of Public Health. Researchers examined the association   
   between meat consumption and adiposity measures such as body mass index   
   (BMI), waist circumference, obesity and central obesity (deposits of body   
   fat localized around the abdomen) based on nationally representative   
   survey data. They found that study participants who consumed high amounts   
   of meat had higher energy intake compared to those who consumed less meat,   
   and were 33 percent more likely to have central obesity. The results are   
   published in the June 2009 issue of the International Journal of Obesity   
      
   .   
      
   Youfa Wang   
   , MD, PhD, MS, senior author of the study and associate professor with the   
   Bloomberg School’s Center for Human Nutrition   
      
   , along with May A. Beydoun, PhD, a former postdoctoral research fellow at   
   the Bloomberg School, used cross-sectional data to examine the association   
   between total meat consumption, consumption of various types of meats and   
   body fat measures. Participants were part of the National Health and   
   Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a series of surveys that provide   
   nationally representative information on the nutrition and health status   
   of the U.S. civilian population. NHANES survey participants provided   
   weight, height and waist circumference measurements and their dietary   
   consumption. In their study, Wang and Beydoun divided dietary intake into   
   several food groups: meats (total meat, including all animal source food;   
   red meat, beef, pork lamb, veal and game); poultry (chicken, turkey, duck   
   and other poultry); seafood (fish and shellfish); other meat products   
   (such as frankfurter and sausage, organ meats and food mixtures, mainly   
   composed of meat, poultry and fish); vegetables and fruits; and grains.   
      
   “While Americans had a high level of meat consumption per capita they   
   lacked adequate consumption of fruits , vegetables and dairy, consuming on   
   average 2.3 servings per 1,000 kilocalories of meat and meat products,   
   compared to only 1.5 servings of fruits and vegetables, 0.3 servings of   
   whole grains and 0.7 servings of dairy,” said Wang. “This translates to   
   approximately 4.6 servings of meat, 3 servings of fruits and vegetables,   
   and 1.4 servings of dairy per day although Americans are recommended to   
   consume at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables and 3 servings of   
   dairy per day. Participants consuming higher amounts of meat (upper   
   quintile) were nearly 27 percent more likely to be obese, compared to   
   those who consumed low amounts (lowest quintile). In fact, higher intakes   
   of “all meat” and “other meat” products were associated with higher BMI   
   and waist circumference, whereas intake of vegetables and fruits was   
   inversely associated with BMI.”   
      
   Obesity increases the risk of a number of chronic diseases, such as   
   cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes and is on the rise in   
   the U.S. Various diets have advocated that a high protein and low-   
   carbohydrate diet promotes weight loss and prevents obesity. However,   
   findings from controlled intervention trials are mixed, and do not support   
   this.   
      
   “Our analysis based on the recent nationally representative data shows a   
   consistent positive association between meat consumption and adiposity   
   measures among U.S. adults. This may suggest diets that promote high meat   
   consumption, such as the Atkins diet, might lead to higher BMI, waist   
   circumference and obesity, although long-term intervention trials are   
   needed to test the causal relationship,” said Beydoun. “This finding along   
   with that of adverse effects of meat consumption on the risk of other   
   chronic diseases revealed by other cohort studies combined with the   
   unfavorable environmental impact of meat production argue against adopting   
   a high-meat diet for long-term healthy weight management.”   
      
   “Meat Consumption Is Associated with Obesity and Central Obesity Among   
   U.S. Adults” was written by Youfa Wang and May A. Beydoun.   
      
   The research was supported in part by the Johns Hopkins Center for a   
   Livable Future, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the National Institute   
   of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Eunice Kennedy   
   Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.   
   Media contact for Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health: Natalie   
   Wood-Wright at 410-614-6029 or nwoodwri@jhsph.edu.   
      
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