On Wednesday, August 28, 2019 at 2:31:35 PM UTC-5, Tom Roberts wrote:   
   ...=20   
   > Moving clocks, however, are OBSERVED/MEASURED to tick slower than   
   > identical clocks at rest. This is called "time dilation", which affects   
   > OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS, not clocks -- it is a geometrical   
   > projection, not any "change" in clocks' tick rates. It can, of course,   
   > have physical consequences, such as pion beams much longer than the pion   
   > lifetime would imply.   
   ...   
   > Tom Roberts   
      
   Tom,   
      
   I would emphasize that the clocks that are OBSERVED/MEASURED to be   
   runing fast/slow are observed from a different reference frame (either   
   an inertial reference frame or different gravitational "potential").   
   THe basic confusion is the mistaken idea that the observed clocks are   
   actually different.  That is your point, of course, but the key   
   understanding is that observers in DIFFERENT reference frames observe   
   different things even when observing the same object.   
      
   Rich L.   
      
   [Moderator's note:  This thread, if not this specific post, is now going   
   around in circles.  Unless there is some extraordinarily original   
   insight, it is probably best to close it.  There is no dispute among   
   experts about what observers measure, nor about the cause of the   
   differences.  There is also a huge literature on the topic.  -P.H.]   
      
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