From: alain245@videotron.ca   
      
   On Feb/8/2022 at 02:58, Niklas Holsti wrote :   
   > On 2022-02-06 17:13, Alain Fournier wrote:   
   >> Robotic missions to Mars have been getting more and more complex and   
   >> rovers ever heavier. SpaceX should soon have a rocket capable of   
   >> landing 100 tonnes on Mars. So they could theoretically put two T-90MS   
   >> Tagil Russian military tanks. That is quite a lot more than the   
   >> current rovers, but sending tanks is not a good idea.   
   >>   
   >> An obvious use of this new capability is to send humans to Mars, and   
   >> that is what SpaceX has in mind. But lets assume that we are planning   
   >> a robotic mission to Mars and we have a 100 tonnes mass budget. What   
   >> do you think would be a good use of this capability?   
   >   
   >   
   > 1. A rover or flyer (helicopter) with a good ground-penetrating radar   
   > and other prospecting instruments.   
   >   
   > 2. A powerful, heavy drill for deep sampling (tens of meters). Mobile,   
   > of course.   
   >   
   > 3. An excavator for moderately deep trenches (a few meters). Mobile too.   
   >   
   > 4. A bigger and more versatile remotely controlled laboratory for   
   > on-Mars sample studies. Mobile or trailer-mounted and pulled by the   
   > drill or excavator.   
   >   
   > 5. One or several sample-return craft, direct from Mars to Earth without   
   > any rendez-vous with a Mars orbiter. Either mounted on trailers or   
   > independently mobile. Possibly with reusable first stages, if there is   
   > also an ISRU propellant plant.   
   >   
   > Open question: power sources for the above. Solar or kilopower fission?   
   >   
   > Could the Starship solar panels be deployed on the surface after   
   > landing? I haven't seen any new info about the Starship solar panels for   
   > a goodish time, except for the HLS version.   
      
   I like your point 1.   
      
   Instead of point 2., and I don't know how realistic this would be on a   
   100 tonnes mass budget but, I would not make the drill mobile (to save   
   weight) and go for 1.5 km deep instead of "only" tens of meters. I'm   
   thinking of the subsurface lakes or clay deposits. Of course, a future   
   mission would bring back some samples. Again I'm not sure this is   
   realistic with 100 tonnes, but it would worth it to evaluate the   
   possibility.   
      
      
   Alain Fournier   
      
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