From: poutnik4REMOVEnntp@gmailCAPITALS.com.INVALID   
      
   omnilobe@gmail.com Wrote in message:   
   >   
      
   > The moment is not for alone electron, it is paired with a proton thatshares   
   the magnetic moment. It is observable only if anexternal field is applied.   
      
   > When no external field is applied,no magnetic moment is limited to only two   
   directions.   
      
   There is always the magnetic field   
   related to the electron orbital angular momentum.   
   Remember orbit-spin coupling and fine structure splitting of hydrogen atom   
   spectra.   
      
   What external field does is the further splitting of energy levels   
   related to particular projections   
   of orbital and spin angular momentum,   
   known as the Zeeman phenomena.   
      
   The spin angular momentum  is never limited to 2 directions.   
      
   The up and down is just expression for quantisation   
   of the 1 axis projection of the angular momentum vector,   
   that shares direction with the magnetic momentum vector.   
      
   The vector norm is hbar . sqrt(s.(s+1)),   
   the axis projection hbar . s.   
      
   Imagine a sphere   
   with radius sqrt(3)/2= cca 0.866.   
      
   Imagine 2 horizontal planes,   
   +0.5 and -0.5 above the sphere center.   
      
   Imagine 2 circles as the intersections of the planes and the sphere.   
      
   Imagine 2 joined conuses,   
   going from the sphere center to these 2 circles.   
      
   The electron spin vectors are placed anywhere on surface of either conus.   
      
   For the orbital angular momentum,   
   it is similar, but the planes are at integer values m = -l .. +l   
   and the sphere has radius sqrt(l.(l+1))   
      
   All is, of course, implicitly multiplied by hbar.   
      
   There is infinite number of values of orbital and spin angular momentum   
   vectors,   
   but just few values,   
   when it comes to their projection   
   on a particular axis.   
      
   --   
   Poutnik ( the Wanderer )   
      
      
      
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