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   From: alt.fan.jai-maharaj@googlegroups.com   
      
   Dr. Jai Maharaj posted:   
   >   
   > First observation of native ferroelectric metal   
   >   
   > By FLEET   
   > phys.org   
   > Friday, July 5, 2019   
   >   
   > Ferroelectric domains in a WTe2 single crystal (PFM   
   > imaging). Credit: FLEET   
   >   
   > In a paper released today in Science Advances, Australian   
   > researchers describe the first observation of a native   
   > ferroelectric metal: a native metal with bistable and   
   > electrically switchable spontaneous polarization states—the   
   > hallmark of ferroelectricity. The study found coexistence   
   > of native metallicity and ferroelectricity in bulk   
   > crystalline tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) at room   
   > temperature. A van-der-Waals material that is both metallic   
   > and ferroelectric in its bulk crystalline form at room   
   > temperature has potential for nano-electronics   
   > applications.   
   >   
   > The study represents the first example of a native metal   
   > with bistable and electrically switchable spontaneous   
   > polarization states—the hallmark of ferroelectricity.   
   >   
   > "We found coexistence of native metallicity and   
   > ferroelectricity in bulk crystalline tungsten ditelluride   
   > (WTe2) at room temperature," explains study author Dr.   
   > Pankaj Sharma.   
   >   
   > "We demonstrated that the ferroelectric state is switchable   
   > under an external electrical bias and explain the mechanism   
   > for 'metallic ferroelectricity' in WTe2 through a   
   > systematic study of the crystal structure, electronic   
   > transport measurements and theoretical considerations."   
   >   
   > "A van der Waals material that is both metallic and   
   > ferroelectric in its bulk crystalline form at room   
   > temperature has potential for new nano-electronics   
   > applications," says author Dr. Feixiang Xiang.   
   >   
   > Ferroelectric backgrounder   
   >   
   > Ferroelectricity can be considered an analogy to   
   > ferromagnetism. A ferromagnetic material displays permanent   
   > magnetism, and in layperson's terms, is simply, a 'magnet'   
   > with north and south pole. Ferroelectric material likewise   
   > displays an analogous electrical property called a   
   > permanent electric polarisation, which originates from   
   > electric dipoles consisting of equal, but oppositely   
   > charged ends or poles. In ferroelectric materials, these   
   > electric dipoles exist at the unit cell level and give rise   
   > to a non-vanishing permanent electric dipole moment.   
   >   
   > This spontaneous electric dipole moment can be repeatedly   
   > transitioned between two or more equivalent states or   
   > directions upon application of an external electric field—a   
   > property utilised in numerous ferroelectric technologies,   
   > for example nano-electronic computer memory, RFID cards,   
   > medical ultrasound transducers, infrared cameras, submarine   
   > sonar, vibration and pressure sensors, and precision   
   > actuators.   
   >   
   > Conventionally, ferroelectricity has been observed in   
   > materials that are insulating or semiconducting rather than   
   > metallic, because conduction electrons in metals screen-out   
   > the static internal fields arising from the dipole moment.   
   >   
   > Continues at:   
   >   
   > https://phys.org/news/2019-07-native-ferroelectric-metal.html   
      
   Explore further   
      
   Discovery of light-induced ferroelectricity in strontium   
   titanate   
      
   https://phys.org/news/2019-06-discovery-light-induced-ferroelect   
   icity-strontium-titanate.html   
      
   Jai Maharaj, Jyotishi   
   Om Shanti   
   https://tinyurl.com/jaimaharaj   
      
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