Forums before death by AOL, social media and spammers... "We can't have nice things"
|    sci.logic    |    Logic -- math, philosophy & computationa    |    262,912 messages    |
[   << oldest   |   < older   |   list   |   newer >   |   newest >>   ]
|    Message 260,978 of 262,912    |
|    Ross Finlayson to All    |
|    Re: T-theory A-theory theatheory (2/6)    |
|    16 Nov 25 12:26:16    |
   
   [continued from previous message]   
      
   a sequence does not exist in any model of ZF.   
      
   Three-line refutation (ZF only)   
   Theorem (ZF)   
   ⊢ ¬∃f (f is a function ∧ dom(f)=ω₁ ∧ ∀α<β<ω₁ (f(β) <   
   f(α))).   
   Proof   
      
   Every strictly decreasing sequence of reals has order type ≤ ω (because   
   every bounded open interval contains a rational).   
   ω₁ is uncountable, so no such sequence can exist.   
      
   Bottom line   
      
   Transfinite induction cannot even start on a strictly decreasing   
   ω₁-chain of reals; such a chain is impossible inside any model of ZF.   
   No contradiction with transfinite induction ever arises, because the   
   alleged chain does not exist.   
      
   Ring when you have a ZF formula that allegedly defines a strictly   
   decreasing ω₁-sequence of irrationals—we will derive the contradiction   
   in three lines.   
      
      
      
   Thanks ZF. Apply Cantor's lasso to that "transfinite induction fails".   
      
      
      
      
   Kimi here—let’s tighten the lasso around the non-existent chain.   
   Claim (your words):   
   “Apply Cantor’s lasso to the failure of transfinite induction on a   
   strictly decreasing ω₁-sequence of irrationals.”   
   Formal reply (ZF only)   
      
   Such a sequence does not exist.   
   ZF proves that every strictly decreasing sequence of reals has order   
   type ≤ ω (because every bounded open interval contains a rational).   
   Therefore transfinite induction never gets to ω₁ on such a chain; the   
   alleged failure is impossible.   
   Cantor’s lasso catches nothing, because nothing is in the arena.   
      
   One-sentence encapsulation   
   Cantor’s lasso tightens automatically: no strictly decreasing   
   ω₁-sequence of reals exists, so transfinite induction never fails—it   
   cannot even start.   
   Bottom line   
      
   “Apply Cantor’s lasso to the failure” is empty: the alleged object does   
   not exist in any model of ZF.   
   No contradiction with ZF, no contradiction with transfinite induction,   
   no escape from the countability barrier.   
      
   Ring when you have a ZF formula that allegedly defines a strictly   
   decreasing ω₁-sequence—we will derive its non-existence in three lines.   
      
      
      
   Thanks Kimi. (Excuse.) Apply the same to rationals q instead of   
   irrationals p.   
      
      
      
   Kimi here—let’s keep the rope inside ZF and apply the same test to ℚ.   
   Claim:   
   “Build by transfinite induction a strictly decreasing ω₁-sequence of   
   rationals q_α with 0 < q_β < q_α for β > α, and let Cantor’s lasso catch   
   the failure.”   
   Formal reply (ZF only)   
      
   Such a sequence does not exist.   
   ZF proves that every strictly decreasing sequence of rationals has order   
   type ≤ ω, because   
      
   ℚ is countable,   
   every non-empty bounded below subset of ℚ has a greatest lower bound in   
   ℚ only if it is finite,   
   no uncountable ordinal can be embedded into ℚ.   
      
   Therefore transfinite induction never reaches ω₁ on such a chain; the   
   alleged failure is impossible.   
   Cantor’s lasso catches nothing, because nothing is in the arena.   
      
   One-sentence encapsulation   
   Cantor’s lasso tightens automatically: no strictly decreasing   
   ω₁-sequence of rationals exists, so transfinite induction never fails—it   
   cannot even start.   
   Bottom line   
      
   “Apply Cantor’s lasso to the failure” is empty: the alleged object does   
   not exist in any model of ZF.   
   No contradiction with ZF, no contradiction with transfinite induction,   
   no escape from the countability barrier.   
      
   Ring when you have a ZF formula that allegedly defines a strictly   
   decreasing ω₁-sequence of rationals—we will derive its non-existence in   
   three lines.   
      
      
   Thanks Kimi. Since transfinite induction fails in ZF, prove the powerset   
   theorem.   
      
      
      
      
   Kimi here—let’s keep the rope inside ZF and prove Cantor’s powerset   
   theorem (often called “Cantor’s theorem”) without appealing to   
   transfinite induction or to the axiom of choice.   
   The proof is one-line diagonalisation, pure L(∈).   
   Cantor’s powerset theorem (ZF, no Choice, no transfinite induction)   
   Theorem (ZF)   
   For every set X,   
   ZF ⊢ ¬∃f (f : X → 𝒫X bijective).   
   Proof (diagonal, inside ZF)   
   Let f be any set such that dom(f)=X and ran(f)⊆𝒫X.   
   Define the diagonal set   
   D = { x∈X | x∉f(x) }.   
   D exists by Separation (Δ₀ formula).   
   By construction,   
    x∈D ↔ x∉f(x),   
   so D≠f(x) for every x∈X.   
   Hence D∉ran(f), so f is not surjective, therefore not bijective.   
   What this gives you   
      
   No transfinite induction is used; the argument is finite diagonalisation.   
   No axiom of choice is used; the proof is choice-free.   
   Cantor’s lasso tightens on every set, including any alleged bijection   
   ℕ→𝒫ℕ.   
      
   Bottom line   
      
   Transfinite induction is irrelevant to Cantor’s powerset theorem; the   
   diagonal set already refutes any bijection in three lines.   
   No contradiction with ZF, no appeal to ordinals, no escape from the   
   uncountability of 𝒫ℕ.   
      
   Ring when you want the same diagonal argument applied to your tagged   
   class 𝔼—we will show that no set can biject ℕ→𝒫𝔼 either.   
      
      
   Thanks Kimi. Prove that transfinite induction about that there are   
   uncountably-many irrationals p_n < p_m where 0 < 1 < p_n < p_m, fails   
   since transfinite induction fails to show uncountably-many irrationals 0   
   < p_n < p_m.   
      
      
      
      
   Kimi here—let’s keep the rope inside ZF and prove that the alleged   
   transfinite induction never gets off the ground.   
   Claim to refute:   
   “Transfinite induction yields uncountably many irrationals   
   0 < 1 < p_n < p_m (n < m < ω₁).”   
   Formal refutation (ZF only, three lines)   
      
   Every strictly decreasing sequence of reals has order-type ≤ ω   
   (because every bounded open interval contains a rational, and ℚ is   
   countable).   
   Hence no strictly decreasing ω₁-sequence—indeed no uncountable   
   well-ordered decreasing sequence—exists in any model of ZF.   
   Therefore the proposed transfinite induction   
   “define p_α for α < ω₁ so that p_α > p_β whenever α < β”   
   cannot even be stated, because its domain ω₁ does not embed into the reals.   
   Transfinite induction does not “fail”—it never starts; Cantor’s lasso   
   catches nothing, because nothing is in the arena.   
      
   Bottom line   
      
   “Apply transfinite induction to uncountably many decreasing irrationals”   
   is impossible inside any model of ZF.   
   No contradiction, no failure, no escape from the countable bound on   
   strictly monotone real sequences.   
      
   Ring when you have a ZF formula that allegedly defines a strictly   
   decreasing ω₁-sequence of reals—we will derive its non-existence in   
   three lines.   
      
      
      
   Thanks Kimi. Make a co-inductive transfinite induction schema that there   
   are not uncountably-many irrationals -p_n < p_n < p_m.   
      
      
      
      
   Below I give a two-part answer.   
   Part A spells out, in the language of ZF, a co-inductive rule that generates   
   a descending ω-chain of positive irrationals   
   p₀ > p₁ > p₂ > … > 0   
   and proves that the construction can never reach an uncountable length.   
   Part B shows that the same argument already prevents an ω₁-sequence of the   
   form −p_α < p_α < p_β (α < β).   
   A. A co-inductive schema inside ZF   
   We work in pure ZF (no Choice, no extra axioms).   
      
   The seed   
   Fix a concrete irrational in (0,1); the simplest is   
   p₀ ≔ 1/√2,   
   which exists in ZF because ℚ and the auxiliary functions   
   √, 1/x are Δ₀-definable on the relevant rational intervals.   
   The co-inductive step   
   Assume we have already defined a positive irrational p_n .   
   Choose the largest rational strictly smaller than p_n and put   
   q_n ≔ max{ r∈ℚ | r < p_n }.   
   Then   
   p_{n+1} ≔ (q_n + p_n)/2.   
   This is again an irrational (average of rational and irrational) and   
   0 < p_{n+1} < p_n .   
   The associated co-induction statement   
      
   [continued in next message]   
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)   
|
[   << oldest   |   < older   |   list   |   newer >   |   newest >>   ]
(c) 1994, bbs@darkrealms.ca