XPost: rec.arts.tv, alt.fan.rush-limbaugh, sci.math
From: starmaker@ix.netcom.com
On Fri, 31 Oct 2025 22:24:21 -0700, The Starmaker
wrote:
>On Thu, 30 Oct 2025 09:59:55 -0700, The Starmaker
> wrote:
>
>>On Wed, 29 Oct 2025 23:48:18 -0700, The Starmaker
>> wrote:
>>
>>>On Wed, 29 Oct 2025 00:24:58 -0700, The Starmaker
>>> wrote:
>>>
>>>>On Wed, 29 Oct 2025 00:21:12 -0700, The Starmaker
>>>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>>On Mon, 27 Oct 2025 20:48:04 -0700, The Starmaker
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>>On Sun, 26 Oct 2025 20:21:37 -0700, The Starmaker
>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>On Sun, 26 Oct 2025 13:52:17 -0700, The Starmaker
>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>On Sun, 26 Oct 2025 12:37:15 -0700, The Starmaker
>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>On Sun, 26 Oct 2025 11:28:04 -0700, The Starmaker
>>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>On Sat, 25 Oct 2025 11:36:36 -0700, The Starmaker
>>>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>In the 1940's
>>>>>>>>>>>the department of war
>>>>>>>>>>>the military,
>>>>>>>>>>>had the same problem...
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>they sat around a table
>>>>>>>>>>>they had a conference
>>>>>>>>>>>and their solution was...
>>>>>>>>>>>Albert Einstein.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>First I have to tell you the background
>>>>>>>>>>of how Einstein and I became acquainted.
>>>>>>>>>>At the time of Pearl Harbor, I was a re-
>>>>>>>>>>search chemist in the U. S. Department
>>>>>>>>>>of Agriculture. Soon after that, I applied
>>>>>>>>>>for a commission in the Navy. After a
>>>>>>>>>>long drawn-out fight with the Navy,
>>>>>>>>>>which included one rejection, I won the
>>>>>>>>>>fight, and received my commission as a
>>>>>>>>>>full lieutenant (equivalent to a captain
>>>>>>>>>>in the Army) on September 2, 1942.
>>>>>>>>>>After that it took more than a month until
>>>>>>>>>>I located a billet in the Bureau of Ord-
>>>>>>>>>>nance and was called in for active duty.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>Mr. Clark, following Gamow’s book,
>>>>>>>>>>wrote about the “Division of High Ex-
>>>>>>>>>>plosives” in the Bureau of Ordnance,
>>>>>>>>>>but there was no such thing. The Bureau
>>>>>>>>>>had a “Research and Development Divi-
>>>>>>>>>>sion (Re),"" the ision had a section
>>>>>>>>>>called “Ammunition and Explosives
>>>>>>>>>>(Re2)", and the section had a subsec-
>>>>>>>>>>tion called “High Explosives and Propel-
>>>>>>>>>>lants (Re2c)."” I was assigned to Re2c.
>>>>>>>>>>It had two other reserve officers in it
>>>>>>>>>>when I joined, and we divided the work
>>>>>>>>>>among ourselves. One became head of
>>>>>>>>>>propellant research, I became head of
>>>>>>>>>>high explosives research, and the third,
>>>>>>>>>>who was a lieutenant j.g., became my
>>>>>>>>>>assistant and deputy. I was, on the basis
>>>>>>>>>>of my broad experience in the field, ex-
>>>>>>>>>>cellently qualified for my assignment. I
>>>>>>>>>>knew the names of two high explosives:
>>>>>>>>>>TNT and dynamite. With that knowl-
>>>>>>>>>>edge, I became head of high explosives
>>>>>>>>>>research and development for the world’s
>>>>>>>>>>largest Navy!
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>But I was young and learned fast;
>>>>>>>>>>furthermore, the staff kept on growing as.
>>>>>>>>>>the war progressed. I acquired two
>>>>>>>>>>groups of civilian scientists; one headed
>>>>>>>>>>by one of the speakers at this meeting,
>>>>>>>>>>Raymond J. Seeger; another of tonight's
>>>>>>>>>>speakers, Harry Polachek, was in this
>>>>>>>>>>group; the other group was headed by
>>>>>>>>>>Gregory Hartmann, who eventually be-
>>>>>>>>>>came Technical Director of the post-
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>permission to visit him in Princeton. The
>>>>>>>>>>gracious consent came by return mail.
>>>>>>>>>>The visit took place on May 16. After
>>>>>>>>>>the pleasant preliminaries, I asked Ein-
>>>>>>>>>>stein whether he would be willing to be-
>>>>>>>>>>come a consultant for the Navy in general,
>>>>>>>>>>and for me, in the field of high explo-
>>>>>>>>>>sives research, in particular. Einstein was
>>>>>>>>>>tremendously pleased about the offer,
>>>>>>>>>>and very happily gave his consent. He
>>>>>>>>>>felt very bad about being neglected. He
>>>>>>>>>>had not been approached by anyone to
>>>>>>>>>>do any war work since the United States
>>>>>>>>>>entered the war. He said to me, “People
>>>>>>>>>>think that I am interested only in theory,
>>>>>>>>>>and not in anything practical. This is not
>>>>>>>>>>true. I was working in the Patent Office
>>>>>>>>>>in Zurich, and I participated in the de-
>>>>>>>>>>velopment of many inventions. The gyro-
>>>>>>>>>>scope too.”’ I said, “That's fine. You are
>>>>>>>>>>hired.”
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>Here is a short explaination of why they hired Albert Einstein:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>" Calvert served on the Jack under Lt. Comdr. Tommy Dykers, and here
>>>>>>>>>is how he describes his sub’s first experience with the Mark 6
>>>>>>>>>exploder: “We worked into an excellent position and fired three
>>>>>>>>>torpedoes—the Jack ’s first war shots of her career. Short of the
>>>>>>>>>predicted torpedo run time, we heard a tremendous explosion. That
>>>>>>>>>should finish him, I thought.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>“‘ Damn those exploders … damn them all to hell! ’ said Dykers as he
>>>>>>>>>looked through the scope.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>“‘The first torpedo prematured … just before it got to the MOT [middle
>>>>>>>>>of the target] … and I don’t know whether the other two passed under
>>>>>>>>>without exploding, or missed. Son of a bitch from Baghdad !’ came the
>>>>>>>>>bitter exclamation from the skipper.” (Despite continuing torpedo
>>>>>>>>>trouble, Jack ’s later forays were considerably more successful.)"
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>Einstein soved the problem...
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>"If I were asked to state what specific
>>>>>>>>>contributions were made by Einstein to
>>>>>>>>>our high explosives research, I would
>>>>>>>>>have to say this. New and more effec-
>>>>>>>>>tive high explosives were developed dur-
>>>>>>>>>ing the war, and they were used by the
>>>>>>>>>Navy and the Army (which then included
>>>>>>>>>the Air Force) against Germany, Japan
>>>>>>>>>and their allies. (I found out later that at
>>>>>>>>>least the underwater explosives, possibly
>>>>>>>>>others, were also used in the Korean and
>>>>>>>>>the Vietnam War.) But these develop-
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