From: d@d.d   
      
   Hello..   
      
      
   About ADA, C++ and C ..   
      
   Ada was designed to support a high-level of abstraction and, in   
   particular, safe abstractions. The C philosophy is to keep the design of   
   the language simple, and the runtime overhead minimal, at the cost of   
   safety. The C++ philosophy, centered on the concept of “zero-cost   
   abstractions,” is that as few safeguards as possible are added by the   
   compiler, especially if those safe-guards imply a runtime cost. Ada’s   
   philosophy tends to be at the opposite of the spectrum, favoring safety   
   before other criteria.   
      
   And what are zero-cost abstractions in programming languages?   
      
   Zero cost abstractions are exemplified by C++   
      
   For example a C++ std::vector object is almost like a C array except it   
   can grow and shrink - It has a more abstract and powerful interface than   
   a C array.   
      
   However the runtime performance of a vector is identical to that of an   
   array - the additional features in a std::vector do not cost anything at   
   runtime if you were to replace a dynamically allocated C array with a   
   vector.   
      
   Most C++ features are like this - in fact it’s one of the primary   
   considerations for a feature to be added to the language.   
      
   In C++, operator overloading, static inheritance, constexpr, templates,   
   deterministic destruction and references are all features that introduce   
   a more powerful abstraction that costs nothing at runtime.   
   You could try writing alternative code without using that feature and it   
   would not be any faster.   
      
      
   Thank you,   
   Amine Moulay Ramdane.   
      
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