From: invalide@invalid.invalid   
      
   https://phys.org/news/2025-08-chemists-rna-proteins-early-earth.html   
      
   Chemists at University College London have shown   
   how two of biology's most fundamental ingredients,   
   RNA (ribonucleic acid) and amino acids, could have   
   spontaneously joined together at the origin of life   
   four billion years ago.   
      
   Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins,   
   the "workhorses" of life essential to nearly every   
   living process. But proteins cannot replicate or   
   produce themselves—they require instructions. These   
   instructions are provided by RNA, a close chemical   
   cousin of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).   
      
   In a new study, published in Nature, researchers   
   chemically linked life's amino acids to RNA in   
   conditions that could have occurred on early   
   Earth—an achievement that has eluded scientists   
   since the early 1970s.   
   ...   
      
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