From: rokimoto557@gmail.com   
      
   On 7/19/2025 12:46 PM, RonO wrote:   
   > I Googled the topics and added Duane Gish.  It just demonstrates that   
   > Wells' Icons were all well used creationist denial Icons.   
   >   
   > Wells' icons   
   > 1    Miller–Urey experiment   
   > 2    Darwin's tree of life   
   > 3    Homology in vertebrate limbs   
   > 4    Haeckel's embryos   
   > 5    Archaeopteryx   
   > 6    Peppered moth   
   > 7    Darwin's finches   
   > 8    Four-winged fruit flies   
   > 9    Fossil horses   
   > 10    Hominid evolution   
   >   
   > I tried homology first because Gish's denial was multi level and   
   > included, claims of a drosophila experiment to deny vertebrate homology.   
   >   Google does note this argument, but does not note that Gish's evidence   
   > was for suspected genes associated with drosophila eyes and not for   
   > vertebrate limbs depicted in his homology slide.  The quote that he put   
   > up came from someone talking about a drosophila experiment that occurred   
   > years before any actual genes had been identified as being responsible   
   > for drosophila eyes.  It would have been a shift within species and did   
   > not have much to do with homologous structures.  There is no reason why   
   > the genes responsible for the development of homologous structures   
   > cannot be swapped out or changed over time.  Any changes just have to   
   > work within what is already working.   
   >   
   > QUOTE from below:   
   > "Unproven" Genetic Basis: Gish also questioned the genetic basis of   
   > homology, suggesting that similar genes for reptile legs and bird wings   
   > should be present if they evolved from an ancestral leg, but that   
   > evidence presented by evolutionists doesn't consistently support this.   
   > END QUOTE:   
   >   
   > Homology in vertebrate limbs and Duane Gish   
   >   
   > •    Definition: Homology refers to the similarity in anatomical   
   > structures, physiology, or development of different species due to   
   > descent from a common evolutionary ancestor.   
   > •    Vertebrate Forelimbs as an Example: The classic example of homology   
   > is the forelimbs of vertebrates, such as the human arm, bird wing, and   
   > whale flipper. Despite their different functions (grasping, flying,   
   > swimming), they are all composed of similar bones – the humerus, radius,   
   > and ulna – arranged in a comparable pattern. This underlying similarity,   
   > despite functional divergence, is explained by the idea that these   
   > structures were inherited from a common ancestor who had a similar limb   
   > structure, which was then modified over time through evolution to suit   
   > different purposes.   
   > •    Evidence for Evolution: Homologous structures like the vertebrate   
   > forelimb provide strong evidence for the theory of evolution and common   
   > ancestry. They suggest that diverse species have evolved from a common   
   > ancestor, adapting the inherited structures to their specific   
   > environments and functions.   
   > •    The Pentadactyl Limb: The presence of a pentadactyl limb (five-   
   > fingered limb) in various vertebrates, including humans, bats, and   
   > whales, further strengthens the argument for common descent. Even though   
   > their limbs serve different purposes, the shared basic structure points   
   > towards a common ancestor with a similar limb design.   
   > Duane Gish's arguments and criticism   
   > •    Duane Gish was a prominent creationist who engaged in debates   
   > against the theory of evolution.   
   > •    Gish's Arguments Against Homology:   
   > o    Lack of direct evidence: Gish and other creationists argued that   
   > homology does not prove evolution, as nobody has witnessed the gradual   
   > changes in millions of generations from a common ancestor to a bird or a   
   > human.   
   > o    Alternative Explanation: They suggested that similarities could be   
   > explained by a "common design" by a creator, where similar structures   
   > are used to solve similar functional problems.   
   > o    "Unproven" Genetic Basis: Gish also questioned the genetic basis of   
   > homology, suggesting that similar genes for reptile legs and bird wings   
   > should be present if they evolved from an ancestral leg, but that   
   > evidence presented by evolutionists doesn't consistently support this.   
   > o    "Gish Gallop": Gish was known for using a debating tactic called   
   > the "Gish Gallop," where he would present a large number of arguments,   
   > some accurate and some inaccurate or misleading, in a short time frame,   
   > making it difficult for his opponents to address them all comprehensively.   
   >   
   >   
   > 1    Miller–Urey experiment   
   > Google   
   > Duane Gish   
   > Duane Gish (1921-2013) was an American biochemist and a prominent   
   > advocate of young Earth creationism. He served as a Vice President of   
   > the Institute for Creation Research (ICR) and was known for his numerous   
   > publications and debates arguing against evolutionary theory.   
   > Gish's arguments against the Miller-Urey experiment   
   > Gish and other creationists used the perceived shortcomings of the   
   > Miller-Urey experiment to argue against the possibility of abiogenesis   
   > and, by extension, against evolution.   
      
   [continued in next message]   
      
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