[continued from previous message]   
      
   > markers, sometimes both.   
   >   
      
   There is nothing racist about this reality.  The sloped forehead or the   
   Denisovan brow ridges are just cosmetic features.  Everyone that is   
   decended from the group of Modern humans that left Africa around 60,000   
   years ago have a couple percent Neanderthal DNA in their genomes.  Most   
   of it is the same 20% of the Neanderthal genome dispersed in most of us   
   (possibly, due to selection), but the claim is that if you sequence over   
   100,000 out of Africa genomes that they might be able to account for   
   around 80% of the Neanderthal genome.  Certain populations of Europeans   
   and Asians may have more Neanderthal DNA than most others, and they   
   think that is just due to founder effects because they have the same   
   portion of the Neanderthal genome that the rest of us have, they just   
   have more of it.  Though they have found fossils of hybrids in Europe   
   and Asia that occurred more recently than the first introgression it   
   doesn't look like the Neanderthal DNA in those hybrids made it into the   
   extant population.  They look like dead end family groups that left no   
   ancestors, or not a significant number to leave much of a trace today.   
      
   This just means that for an obviously recessive or complex trait like   
   the sloped forehead it should be rare to get the Neanderthal genes   
   together to produce that phenotype.  Trump did not pass the trait to his   
   progeny so it is recessive or you need multiple Neanderthal gene   
   variants to see the trait.  Some Europeans sport Neanderthal brow   
   ridges.  They are not as pronounced as the Denisovan brow ridges of the   
   Australoids.  My guess is that the Australoid brow ridges were likely   
   selected by sexual selection among that group, though some New Guineans   
   have 12% Denisovan DNA (just 2 generations from the hybrid generation,   
   if all matings were backcrosses with modern humans, would produce 12.5%   
   Denisovan DNA).  This is a significant amount, but a lot of the   
   individuals from the same population have a lot less, but still sport   
   the heavy brow ridges.  It may be a trait that was preferred for some   
   reason.   
      
   Ron Okimoto   
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)