[continued from previous message]   
      
   >>>> brow ridges, a sloped forehead and a skull that was more football   
   >>>> shaped.   
   >>>>   
   >>>> Ron Okimoto   
   >>>>   
   >>> Are you suggesting that Trump has more than his share of Neanderthal   
   >>> genes?  Let's not allow this to become a racist question; could be   
   >>> insulting to Neanderthals.  My impression is that most people not now   
   >>> living in sub-Saharan Africa have Neanderthal or Denisovan genetic   
   >>> markers, sometimes both.   
   >>>   
   >>   
   >> There is nothing racist about this reality.  The sloped forehead or   
   >> the Denisovan brow ridges are just cosmetic features.  Everyone that   
   >> is decended from the group of Modern humans that left Africa around   
   >> 60,000 years ago have a couple percent Neanderthal DNA in their   
   >> genomes.  Most of it is the same 20% of the Neanderthal genome   
   >> dispersed in most of us (possibly, due to selection), but the claim is   
   >> that if you sequence over 100,000 out of Africa genomes that they   
   >> might be able to account for around 80% of the Neanderthal genome.   
   >> Certain populations of Europeans and Asians may have more Neanderthal   
   >> DNA than most others, and they think that is just due to founder   
   >> effects because they have the same portion of the Neanderthal genome   
   >> that the rest of us have, they just have more of it.  Though they have   
   >> found fossils of hybrids in Europe and Asia that occurred more   
   >> recently than the first introgression it doesn't look like the   
   >> Neanderthal DNA in those hybrids made it into the extant population.   
   >> They look like dead end family groups that left no ancestors, or not a   
   >> significant number to leave much of a trace today.   
   >>   
   >> This just means that for an obviously recessive or complex trait like   
   >> the sloped forehead it should be rare to get the Neanderthal genes   
   >> together to produce that phenotype.  Trump did not pass the trait to   
   >> his progeny so it is recessive or you need multiple Neanderthal gene   
   >> variants to see the trait.  Some Europeans sport Neanderthal brow   
   >> ridges.  They are not as pronounced as the Denisovan brow ridges of   
   >> the Australoids.  My guess is that the Australoid brow ridges were   
   >> likely selected by sexual selection among that group, though some New   
   >> Guineans have 12% Denisovan DNA (just 2 generations from the hybrid   
   >> generation, if all matings were backcrosses with modern humans, would   
   >> produce 12.5% Denisovan DNA).  This is a significant amount, but a lot   
   >> of the individuals from the same population have a lot less, but still   
   >> sport the heavy brow ridges.  It may be a trait that was preferred for   
   >> some reason.   
   >>   
   >> Ron Okimoto   
   >>   
   > I was just joking.  I know I have ~2% Neanderthal contribution, but have   
   > a more or less vertical forehead and no prominent brow ridges.  All   
   > that's due to my predominantly northwest european (England, Scotland,   
   > Wales, Norway.   
   >   
   Iceland indicates that their Viking ancestors may have had a higher   
   percentage of Neanderthal genetics than for most of Europe.  Probably   
   due to founder effects.   
      
   23 and Me claims that I have less than 2% Neanderthal ancestry and that   
   only 21% of their customers have less Neanderthal DNA, so I am on the   
   low side.  They now claim 100% certainty that I am from the Hiroshima   
   prefecture of Japan.  This is true because all 4 of my grand parents   
   were born in Hiroshima before migrating to the US.   
      
   23 and Me no longer list my ancestral connection with Hokaido.  A lot of   
   Japanese are offended by the connection because the Ainu had been   
   treated as second class citizens at one time.  The stupid thing about   
   being offended is that the genetic evidence indicates that the Samurai   
   class may have been influenced by the army that some prince brought back   
   from his exile to Hokaido.  So there is a very good reason why a lot of   
   main island japanese have genetics from Hokaido, and these genetics are   
   more common among the Samurai class.  There was a research paper that I   
   say decades ago about Ainu ancestry among the Samurai class, and it is   
   only referenced with a brief claim of Ainu genetic influence in early   
   Samurai in a YouTube video on the subject Samurai genetics around 18   
   minutes into the video.   
      
   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQeQUALpnzY   
      
   Ron Okimoto   
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)