[continued from previous message]   
      
   >> genes?  Let's not allow this to become a racist question; could be   
   >> insulting to Neanderthals.  My impression is that most people not now   
   >> living in sub-Saharan Africa have Neanderthal or Denisovan genetic   
   >> markers, sometimes both.   
   >>   
   >   
   > sub-Saharan Africans also have Neanderthal markers, but at a level about   
   > an order of magnitude less.   
   >   
      
   There has been around 60,000 years for the hybrids to migrate back to   
   Africa with evidence that one such back migration occurred 45,000 years   
   ago.  There is also the fact that some of the ancient variation still   
   segregates in Sub-Saharan Africa and it did not all leave with the   
   Neanderthals sub population when it left Africa and This variation was   
   fixed among Neanderthals, but still segregates in Africa.   
      
   Ron Okimoto   
      
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