From: me22over7@gmail.com   
      
   On 16/12/2025 3:24 am, RonO wrote:   
   > On 12/15/2025 6:12 AM, MarkE wrote:   
   >> Q2. You say "Major innovations are rare", but these are the driver of   
   >> macroevolution. But how do these "major innovations" occur via many   
   >> small steps?   
   >>   
   >> A. This is the right pressure point. If major innovations are both   
   >> rare and essential for macroevolution, then a purely verbal appeal to   
   >> “many small steps” is insufficient. The question becomes:   
   >>   
   >> What is the mechanism by which qualitatively new biological capacities   
   >> arise via quantitatively small genetic changes, without collapsing   
   >> fitness along the way?   
   >>   
   >> Below is the modern evolutionary answer, stated mechanistically, not   
   >> rhetorically...   
   >>   
   >> https://chatgpt.com/s/t_693ffb26a698819184d0d92224b045b0   
   >>   
   >   
   > What macro "major innovations" needed to occur between chimps and humans?   
   >   
   > We have all the same tissues and organs.  We have the same brain parts,   
   > just brain size has changed.  We have all the same bones, but they have   
   > changed their shape and size.  We are bipedal with a bent and shortened   
   > hip, but that deformity may have initally been due to a single gene   
   > defect with later modifications selected over time.  We are still   
   > brachiating apes with shorter arms and longer legs (check out gymnasts).   
   >   
      
   No. That assessment grossly understates the differences.   
      
   For details, see my post "Chimp to human evolution - Sandwalk perspective".   
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)