From: fearitself0@msn.com   
      
   Koch agai....n   
      
   I see where old Tea Patty mentions how great life was in 1860 before we   
   started to have "income tax".   
      
   Of course that was when they started to use income tax to fight the   
   civil war. I might guess Tea Patty is a States Rightser and really deep   
   down wished them boys was still on the farm.   
      
   Or maybe he thought we were better off with Cholera, Typhus, 'Patent"   
   medicines, little roads or NON PROGRESSIVE user fee taxes like Ronny   
   Raygun used (and was used before the civil war.   
      
   Those user fee taxes (flat taxes etc) ARE MUCH BETTER FOR THOSE ROBBER   
   BARONS aren't they Tea Patty?) Sure a little hard on the working man but   
   who cared?   
      
   Perhaps Tea Pattys understands things like the NIH spends more doing   
   research than all the drug companies combined and gives this research to   
   the public (and drug companies).   
      
   Maybe old Tea Pattys thought that drug companies found/published   
   research on things like how good exercise and fish oil were for people   
   (those drug companies can make a mint on research and promotion like   
   that).   
      
      
   American Cultural History   
   19th Century - 1890 - 1899   
   By 1900 the Industrial Revolution had transformed the world's economy.   
      
   Overview 1890-1899   
   Beginning of America's Gilded Age | 60% of the stocks listed on the   
   stock exchange were those of railroad | NYC had become a melting pot of   
   immigrants from around the world | 23,000 children were employed in the   
   factories of the 13 southern states   
      
   BUSINESS AND ECONOMY   
       The age of the giant corporation was here. American Tobacco, 1890,   
   American Sugar Refining Company, 1891, and General Electric, 1892, were   
   established during this period. At the same time came the working man's   
   organizations such as United Mine Workers, the American Railway Union   
   and the National Association of Window Trimmers (founded by L. Frank   
   Baum author of The Show Window and The Wonderful Wizard of OZ) unions   
   formed to help people make working conditions better. Giants of the age   
   were J. P. Morgan, Henry Villard, James Buchanan Duke, Andrew Carnegie,   
   names still recognized today. The stage for the twentieth century was   
   set and America was a primary player.   
      
      
   In 1890 Congress enacted the Sherman Anti-trust Act. This began a series   
   of Supreme Court cases which originated issues of current corporate   
   rules. Standard Oil was dissolved in 1892 and later reestablished as   
   Standard Oil of New Jersey in 1899. In 1895, in the United States v. E.   
   C. Knight Company, the U. S. Supreme Court held that the Sherman   
   Anti-trust Act covered only monopolies in restraint of trade, not   
   manufacturing. The Supreme Court held in Addyston Pipe & Steel Company   
   v. United States, 1899, that negotiations between corporations to   
   eliminate competition violated the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.   
      
   Labor unions were established to improve labor relations. The United   
   Mine Workers, 1890, was begun by a merger of the Knights of Labor Trade   
   Assembly No. 135 and the National Progressive Union of Miners and Mine   
   Laborers. The American Railway Union was organized in 1893 by Eugene V.   
   Debs. The National Organization of Manufacturers, a businessmen's group   
   started in 1895. In 1893, financial panic erupted when American gold   
   reserves fell below $100 million, setting off a national depression that   
   lasted for four years.   
      
   Hundreds of railroad companies, steel mills and other businesses failed.   
   Over the course of 1894, 750,000 workers went on strike. Congress   
   declared Labor Day a national holiday. In 1897, seventy-five thousand   
   UMW coal miners in Ohio, West Virgina and Pennsylvania went on strike   
   winning an eight hour day, semimonthly pay and the elmination of company   
   stores. Also in 1897, L. Frank Baum, author of the Oz series of   
   children's books, published the first issue of The Show Window a monthly   
   journal on the design of department store window displays. Thorstein   
   Veblen published the Theory of the Leisure Class in 1899, an attack on   
   the "conspicuous consumption" of the nation's business elite.   
      
   .The deplorable living conditions in the tenaments where many were   
   forced to live were disclosed in Jacob Riis's book, How the Other Half   
   Lives. The competition for jobs, accelerated by the Panic of 1893,   
   stirred antagonism toward these newcomers who were willing to work for   
   less pay. The Federal Immigration Act of 1891 tightened regulations for   
   those who would be admitted to the United States. In 1896, the   
   Immigration Restriction Bill, first of many bills to impose a literary   
   test for admittance, was introduced in Congress but was vetoed by   
   President Cleveland.   Despite the hardships and the discrimination   
   still they came although as many as a third found life too hard and   
   retured to their homelands.   
      
   EDUCATION   
       A wife writing some fifty years after the fact described how her   
   husband, Thomas A. Spooner, had sought an education in a rural area of   
   southern Arkansas in order to realize his dream of becoming a   
   Presyterian minister. The financial difficuties, the travel difficulties   
   in   reaching school, the difficulties experienced on becoming a teacher   
   at the ripe old age of nineteen, all form a part of the narrative of   
   what was probably a typical ambitious rural youth of the 1890's.   
      
   SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   
   The field of medicine gradually became more modern. Lt. Col. George   
   Miller Sternberg helped to develop the field of bacteriology.   Rubber   
   gloves were first used in surgery at Johns Hopkins. Drugs were freely   
   available, and abuse common. Heroin, for instance, was sold as a cough   
   medicine   
      
   As the country became intrenched in the industrial age, it developed a   
   social conscience. Partly due to the efforts of environmentalist John   
   Muir, Yosemite National Park and Sequoia National Park were established   
   in 1890 to protect native species of animal and plant life.   The Field   
   Museum of National History in Chicago, the New York Aquarium and the   
   Wildlife Conservation Society sprang up to introduce city dwellers to   
   wildllife.   
      
       Horseless carriages came closer to being practical. William Morrison   
   made an electric automobile in 1891.   
      
   By the end of the decade, there were 8,000 automobiles registered in the   
   entire country, and ten miles of paved roads of many makes and models.   
      
      
       Labor movements grew stronger throughout the 1890's in response to   
   conditions created by increased industrialization, crowded urban areas,   
   and the rise of big business. Jacob Riis wrote How the Other Half Lives,   
   1890, about life in urban slums. The federal government immigrant   
   receiving station on Ellis Island opened in 1892 to handle the huge   
   numbers of people coming into America. Jane Addams wrote Hull-House Maps   
   and Papers in 1895 which reported on the living conditions of poor   
   Chicagoans. Women's rights grew as suffrage was granted in states like   
   Colorado, 1893, and Utah.    
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)