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   From: TortureTechnologyNResearch@yahoo.com   
      
   The capacity of the U.S. intelligence services to modify human   
   perception and behaviour through chemical means is enormous, given   
   their vast resources and intimate connections with drug trafficking   
   (see DEALING IN DEATH: The CIA and the Drugs Trade). In fact it was   
   the CIA who introduced LSD to the U.S. population in the late 1950s,   
   while testing its potential as a "truth serum" in universities.   
      
   However, there are many other disquieting methods of thought control   
   currently being explored by covert security agencies in the West.   
      
   Despite protestations by the CIA to the contrary, clandestine research   
   into all areas of mind control and manipulation is one of their   
   largest fields of development, and involves not only the CIA but   
   various sinister organisations and research laboratories working on   
   behalf of the intelligence services.   
      
   Much of what follows uses information that has only recently been   
   declassified under Freedom of Information Act appeals filed three   
   years previously....   
      
      
   THE CIA AND LSD   
      
    The work of various groups and individuals employed by the CIA to   
   research mind control through the use of drugs, mirrors the notorious   
   experiments by Nazi doctors at Dachau, who used mescaline as a means   
   of eliminating their victims' will to resist interrogation. After   
   World War II, a number of Nazi chemical warfare specialists went to   
   work for the American secret services. These scientists included Karl   
   Tauboeck, whose attempts to find a reliable "truth serum" for the CIA   
   involved ruthless human experimentation. Karl Rarh and Hans Turit also   
   continued their wartime experimentation with the nerve gases Tabun and   
   Sarin (which are closely related to the Zyklon B gas used in the Nazi   
   concentration camps) and other chemicals for the CIA.   
      
    In the early 1950s, the CIA embarked on a series of mind-control and   
   drug experiments on unwitting American and Canadian victims. Project   
   BLUEBIRD was established in 1950 to research mind control for the CIA.   
   The Agency contacted academics and other experts who specialised in   
   behaviour modification. Liaison was established with the research   
   sections of police departments and criminology laboratories. Medical   
   practitioners, professional hypnotists arid psychiatrists were brought   
   In as paid consultants, and various branches of the military provided   
   assistance. Often, these arrangements involved a cover to conceal the   
   Agency's interest in the subject.   
      
      
   A memo, dated July 13th 1951, described BLUEBIRD's efforts as "broad   
   and comprehensive, involving both domestic and overseas activities,   
   and taking into consideration the programmes and objectives of other   
   departments, principally the military services." BLUEBIRD's activities   
   were "designed to create an exploitable alteration of personality in   
   selected individuals". Specific targets included "potential agents,   
   defectors, refugees, POWs" and a vague category of "others." The   
   programme was re-christened ARTICHOKE in 1951.   
      
    When the CIA had difficulties finding the ideal truth drug, agents   
   were sent out around the world to gather samples of rare herbs and   
   botanicals. One cocaine derivative, procaine, was injected into the   
   frontal lobes of the brain via trephine holes drilled through the   
   skulls of mental patients. However, repeated failure of cocaine and   
   its derivatives led the Agency to look into heroin as a possible mind   
   control drug. According to a CIA document dated April 26th 1952,   
   heroin was "frequently used by police and intelligence officers on a   
   routine basis in interrogation." CIA operatives determined that heroin   
   and other habit-forming substances "can be useful in reverse because   
   of the stress produced when they are withdrawn from those who are   
   addicted to their use."   
      
   The name of the programme was changed again in 1953 to MKULTRA, which   
   primarily focused on the covert study of the hallucinogenic drug   
   lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for military or intelligence purposes   
   as either a weapon or a tool for brainwashing.   
      
      
   The CIA funded many individuals in the private sector on LSD research.   
   Dr Max Rinkel, Dr Paul Hoch, Dr Joylon West, Dr Harris Isbell and Dr   
   Carl Pfeiffer worked as contract employees for the Agency in this   
   sphere. Like the Nazi doctors at Dachau, the CIA victimised groups of   
   people who were unable to resist: prisoners, mental patients,   
   foreigners, the terminally ill and ethnic minorities.   
      
    One project took place at the Addiction Research Centre of the U.S.   
   Public Health Service Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky. This was   
   ostensibly a place where heroin addicts could go to kick their habits,   
   but unknown to the patients, it was in fact one of fifteen penal and   
   mental institutions used by the CIA in its drug development programme.   
   To conceal its role, the Agency enlisted the aid of the Navy and the   
   National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) which served as conduits   
   for channelling CIA money to Dr Harris Isbell, a research scientist   
   who remained on the Agency's payroll for over a decade. When the CIA   
   came across a new drug (usually supplied by U.S. pharmaceutical firms)   
   that needed testing, they sent it to Isbell at Lexington, where an   
   ample supply of captive human guinea pigs was available. Over 800   
   compounds were tested by Isbell, including LSD and a variety of   
   hallucinogens.   
      
      
   At the Georgetown University Hospital, Professor Charles Geschickter   
   lent his name to a CIA research front foundation, the Geschickter Fund   
   for Medical Research, and tested mind-control drugs on psychiatric and   
   terminally ill cancer patients. LSD research for MKULTRA was also   
   conducted at 44 colleges and universities in the United States in the   
   mid-1950s.   
      
      
   Students from Harvard and other Boston area universities were among   
   those who were given doses of LSD through the MKULTRA programme at the   
   Boston Psychopathic Hospital, now the Massachusetts Mental Health   
   Center. Another CIA-front organisation used for MKULTRA was the Human   
   Ecology Fund at Madison.   
      
   "We have no answer to the moral issue."   
      
   CIA director RICHARD HELMS, on the Agency's MKULTRA programme of   
   illegal experimentation with mind-controlling drugs on unwitting   
   victims. Helms ordered the destruction of MKULTRA records to prevent   
   disclosure by investigating committees.   
      
      
   On November 28th 1953, Frank Olson, one of the nation's top biological   
   warfare experts, died after falling from the 13th floor of a Manhattan   
   hotel, while CIA doctor Robert Lashbrook was "asleep" in the room.   
   Olson was a victim of MKULTRA, murdered by the CIA because he was a   
   security risk. Olson had told his wife that he had made a "terrible   
      
   [continued in next message]   
      
   --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05   
    * Origin: you cannot sedate... all the things you hate (1:229/2)